Kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumazindikira khansa

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za 8 zotupa zomwe zimazindikira khansa
• 1. AFP
• 2. MCA
• 3. BTA
• 4. PSA
• 5. CA 125
• 6. Calcitonin
• 7. Thyroglobulin
• 8. AEC
• Momwe mungatsimikizire kupezeka kwa khansa

Kuti adziwe khansa, adokotala angafunsidwe kuyeza zolembera, zomwe ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma cell kapena chotupa chomwecho, monga AFP ndi PSA, zomwe zimakwezedwa m'magazi pamakhala mitundu ina ya khansa. Dziwani zizindikilo zomwe zitha kuwonetsa khansa.

Kuyeza kwa zotupa ndikofunikira osati kungopeza khansa, komanso kuwunika kukula kwa chotupa komanso kuyankha kuchipatala.

Ngakhale zotupa zimanena za khansa, zovuta zina zimatha kuwonjezeka, monga appendicitis, prostatitis kapena prostate hyperplasia ndipo, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kuyesa zina kutsimikizira matendawa, monga ultrasound kapena maginito amvekedwe , Mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, zofunikira pazomwe zimayesa zotupa pamayeso amwazi zimasiyana malinga ndi labotale ndi jenda la wodwalayo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kufunika kwa labotale. Umu ndi momwe mungamvetsetse kuyesa magazi.

Zizindikiro za 8 zotupa zomwe zimazindikira khansa

Ena mwa mayesero omwe dokotala amafunsira kuti adziwe khansa ndi awa:

1. AFP

Chimene chimazindikira: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ndi mapuloteni omwe mlingo wake ukhoza kulamulidwa kuti ufufuze zotupa m'mimba, m'matumbo, m'mimba mwake kapena kupezeka kwa metastases m'chiwindi.

Mtengo wowerengera: Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala zosintha zoyipa, mtengowo umaposa 1000 ng / ml. Komabe, mtengowu ukhozanso kuwonjezeka munthawi zina monga chiwindi kapena matenda a chiwindi, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wake uli pafupi 500 ng / ml.

2. MCA

Chimene chimazindikira: Carcinoma yokhudzana ndi mucoid antigen (MCA) nthawi zambiri imafunikira kuti mufufuze khansa ya m'mawere. Kuti mudziwe zizindikiro zina za khansa ya m'mawere werengani: Zizindikiro 12 za khansa ya m'mawere.

Mtengo wowerengera: Nthawi zambiri imatha kuwonetsa khansa pomwe mtengo wake uposa 11 U / ml pakuyesedwa kwa magazi. Komabe, mtengowu ukhoza kukulirakulira m'malo ovuta kwambiri, monga zotupa zoyipa za ovary, chiberekero kapena prostate.

Nthawi zambiri, dokotala amapemphanso kuchuluka kwa chikhomo CA 27.29 kapena CA 15.3 kuti ayang'anire khansa ya m'mawere ndikuwunika momwe angayankhire ndi mwayi wobwereranso. Mvetsetsani zomwe zayendera komanso momwe mayeso a CA amachitikira 15.3.

3. BTA

Chimene chimazindikira: Chikhodzodzo chotupa cha antigen (BTA) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuzindikira khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndipo nthawi zambiri imayikidwa limodzi ndi NMP22 ndi CEA.

Mtengo wowerengera: Pamaso pa khansa ya chikhodzodzo, mayeso ali ndi phindu lalikulu kuposa 1. Kupezeka kwa BTA mumkodzo, komabe, kumatha kukwezedwa pamavuto ocheperako monga kutupa kwa impso kapena urethra, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito catheter ya chikhodzodzo.

4. PSA

Chimene chimazindikira: Prostate antigen (PSA) ndi mapuloteni omwe amapangidwira prostate, koma ngati ali ndi khansa ya prostate imatha kuwonjezeka. Dziwani zambiri za PSA.

Mtengo wowerengera: PSA m'mwazi ikakhala yayikulu kuposa 4.0 ng / ml, imatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa khansa ndipo, ikaposa 50 ng / ml, itha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa metastases. Komabe, kuti mutsimikizire khansa ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso ena monga kuwunika kwamphamvu kwa digito ndi ultrasound ya prostate, popeza kuchuluka kwa puloteni iyi kumatha kuwonjezekanso munthawi zabwino. Mvetsetsani zambiri za momwe mungadziwire khansa yamtunduwu.

5. CA 125

Chimene chimazindikira: CA 125 ndi chikhomo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyang'ana mwayi ndikuwunika kukula kwa khansa yamchiberekero. Mlingo wa chikhomo ichi uyenera kutsagana ndi mayeso ena kuti athe kupeza matenda oyenera. Dziwani zambiri za CA 125.

Mtengo wowerengera: Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro cha khansa yamchiberekero pomwe mtengo wake umaposa 65 U / ml. Komabe, mtengowo ungawonjezerekenso pakagwa cirrhosis, cysts, endometriosis, hepatitis kapena kapamba.

6. Calcitonin

Chimene chimazindikira: Calcitonin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro ndipo amatha kuwonjezeka makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro, komanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere kapena m'mapapo. Onani momwe mayeso a calcitonin amachitikira.

Mtengo wowerengera: Kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa pomwe mtengo wake uposa 20 pg / ml, koma zikhalidwezo zitha kusinthidwa chifukwa cha zovuta monga kapamba, matenda a Paget komanso ngakhale pakati.

7. Thyroglobulin

Chimene chimazindikira: Thyroglobulin nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa ndi khansa ya chithokomiro, komabe, kuti mupeze khansa ya chithokomiro, zolembera zina ziyeneranso kuyezedwa, monga calcitonin ndi TSH, popeza thyroglobulin imatha kuwonjezeka ngakhale kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda.

Mtengo wowerengera: Makhalidwe abwinobwino a thyroglobulin ali pakati pa 1.4 ndi 78 g / ml, pamwambapa pomwe amatha kuwonetsa khansa. Onani zizindikiro za khansa ya chithokomiro.

8. AEC

Chimene chimazindikira: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) itha kutsukidwa mitundu ingapo ya khansa, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa ndi khansa m'matumbo, yomwe imakhudza coloni kapena rectum. Dziwani zambiri za khansa yamatumbo.

Mtengo wowerengera: Pofuna kuwonetsa khansa, kuchuluka kwa CEA kuyenera kukhala kokwera kasanu kuposa mtengo wabwinobwino, womwe umakhala mpaka 5 ng / mL mwa osuta mpaka 3 ng / mL mwa osuta fodya. Mvetsetsani zomwe mayeso a CEA ndi omwe amapangira.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyesedwa kwa magazi, ndizotheka kuwunika mahomoni ena ndi mapuloteni, monga CA 19.9, CA 72.4, LDH, Cathepsin D, Telomerase ndi anthu a chorionic Gonadotropin, mwachitsanzo, omwe asintha malingaliro awo khansa ikukula m'chiwalo china.

Maginito omveka

Momwe mungatsimikizire kupezeka kwa khansa

Pankhani yokayikira khansa, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa, omwe amafunsidwa ndi dokotala, mayeso owonjezera amalingaliro, monga:

• Ultrasound: Amadziwikanso kuti ultrasound, komwe ndi mayeso omwe amakulolani kuti muzindikire zotupa m'ziwalo monga chiwindi, kapamba, ndulu, impso, prostate, bere, chithokomiro, chiberekero ndi mazira;
• Zithunzi: Ndikupenda kochitidwa ndi X-ray, komwe kumathandiza kuzindikira kusintha kwamapapu, msana ndi mafupa;
• Kujambula kwama maginito: Ndi kuyesa kwazithunzi komwe kumazindikira kusintha kwa ziwalo monga mabere, mitsempha, chiwindi, kapamba, ndulu, impso ndi ma adrenal.
• Kujambula tomography: Zimachitika pakakhala kusintha kwa X-ray ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa kuti ayese mapapo, chiwindi, ndulu, kapamba, mafupa ndi pharynx, mwachitsanzo.

Nthawi zambiri, kutsimikizika kwa matendawa kumachitika kudzera pakuphatikiza mayesero osiyanasiyana, monga kuwona wodwala, kuyesa magazi, MRI ndi biopsy, mwachitsanzo.