Euthanasia: Kumvetsetsa Zoona

Zamkati

• Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana?
• Kuthandiza kudzipha vs. euthanasia
• Yogwira vs. chabe
• Mwaufulu vs. osadzipereka
• Kodi euthanasia ndilamulo?
• Zowona za Euthanasia
• Maganizo
• Kukula
• Kutsutsana mozungulira euthanasia
• Makhalidwe abwino ndi chipembedzo
• Chiweruzo cha asing'anga
• Makhalidwe
• Zosankha zaumwini
• Malangizo popanga chisankho

Euthanasia ndi chiyani?

Euthanasia amatanthauza kutha dala moyo wa munthu, nthawi zambiri kuti athetse mavuto. Madokotala nthawi zina amachita euthanasia akafunsidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika ndipo akumva kuwawa kwambiri.

Ndi njira yovuta ndipo imakhudza kuyeza zinthu zambiri. Malamulo am'deralo, thanzi lamunthu m'maganizo, komanso zikhulupiriro zawo ndikukhumba kwawo zonse zimathandizira.

Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya euthanasia, nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso komwe amakhala ovomerezeka.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya euthanasia. Zomwe amasankhidwa zimadalira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malingaliro a munthu komanso kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso.

Kuthandiza kudzipha vs. euthanasia

Kudzipha komwe amathandizidwa nthawi zina kumatchedwa kudzipha komwe amathandizidwa ndi madokotala (PAS). PAS amatanthauza kuti dokotala akuthandiza munthu wina kuti adziphe. Munthuyu ayenera kuti akuvutika kosalekeza komanso kosatha. Akhozanso kupezedwa ndi matenda osachiritsika.Dokotala wawo adzawona njira yothandiza kwambiri, yopanda ululu.

Nthawi zina, madotolo amapatsa anthu mankhwala omwe angawatenge kuti athetse moyo wawo. Mlingo wowopsa wa ma opioid, mwachitsanzo, atha kuperekedwera izi. Pamapeto pake, zili kwa munthuyo kusankha ngati amamwa mankhwalawo.

Ndi euthanasia, dokotala amaloledwa kuthetsa moyo wa munthuyo mwa njira zopanda ululu. Mwachitsanzo, jakisoni wa mankhwala owopsa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Yogwira vs. chabe

Pamene anthu ambiri amaganiza za euthanasia, amaganiza za dokotala yemwe amathetsa moyo wamunthu mwachindunji. Izi zimadziwika kuti euthanasia yogwira. Mwadala kupatsa munthu mankhwala owopsa othetsera nkhawa amawerengedwa kuti ndi euthanasia.

Nthawi zina matenda a euthanasia amafotokozedwa kuti amaletsa kapena kuchepetsa chithandizo chamankhwala kuti munthu adutse mwachangu. Dokotala amathanso kupereka mankhwala owonjezera opha ululu. Kupitilira nthawi, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kukhala koizoni.

Izi zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa euthanasia ndi chisamaliro chodetsa nkhawa. Kusamalira mwachidwi kumayang'ana pakusunga anthu kukhala omasuka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.

Mwachitsanzo, dotolo wodekha angalole wina amene akuyandikira kufa kuti asiye kumwa mankhwala omwe amadza ndi zovuta zina. Nthawi zina, amatha kuloleza wina kumwa mankhwala opweteka kwambiri kuti amve kupweteka kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala gawo labwino lakusamalira. Ambiri samawona ngati euthanasia.

Mwaufulu vs. osadzipereka

Ngati wina apanga chisankho chofuna thandizo kuti athetse moyo wake, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi euthanasia yodzifunira. Munthuyo ayenera kuvomereza kwathunthu ndikuwonetsa kuti akumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zichitike.

Kudzipha kosadzipereka kumaphatikizapo munthu wina kupanga chisankho chofuna kuthetsa moyo wa munthu wina. Wachibale wapamtima nthawi zambiri amapanga chisankho. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ngati wina sakomoka kapena sangathe kuchita chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza kudzipha kwadzidzidzi, monga kuchotsa thandizo la moyo kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe sakuwonetsa chilichonse chokhudzana ndi ubongo.

Kodi euthanasia ndilamulo?

Anthu akhala akukangana pazikhalidwe komanso kuvomerezeka kwa euthanasia ndi PAS kwazaka zambiri. Masiku ano, malamulo okhudza euthanasia ndi PAS ndi osiyana m'maiko ndi mayiko.

Ku United States, PAS ndi yovomerezeka mu:

• Washington
• Oregon
• California
• Colorado
• Montana
• Vermont
• Washington, D.C.
• Hawaii (kuyambira mu 2019)

Iliyonse mwa mayiko amenewa ndi Washington, DC ali ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana. Sizinthu zonse za PAS zovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko ambiri pano ali ndi njira za PAS pazovota zamalamulo, chifukwa chake mndandandawu ungakulire.

Kunja kwa United States, PAS ndi yovomerezeka mu:

• Switzerland
• Germany
• Japan

Euthanasia, kuphatikiza PAS, ndizovomerezeka m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza:

• Netherlands
• Belgium
• Luxembourg
• Colombia
• Canada

Zowona za Euthanasia

Euthanasia ndi mutu wotsutsana. Pakhala pali kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudzana ndi malingaliro a anthu za izi komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kangapo.

Maganizo

Kafukufuku wa 2013 mu New England Journal of Medicine adapeza kuti 65 peresenti ya anthu m'maiko 74 anali kutsutsana ndi PAS. Ku United States, anthu 67 pa anthu 100 alionse anali kutsutsa.

Komabe, ambiri m'maiko 11 mwa mayiko 74 adavotera PAS. Kuphatikiza apo, ovota ambiri ku 18 US akuti akuwonetsa PAS. Washington ndi Oregon, omwe anali atavomereza PAS panthawi yovota, sanali m'modzi mwa mayiko 18. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti malingaliro okhudzana ndi euthanasia ndi PAS akusintha mwachangu.

Pofika chaka cha 2017, kafukufuku wa Gallup adapeza kusintha kwakukulu ku United States. Pafupifupi anthu atatu mwa anthu atatu alionse omwe anafunsidwa anathandiza odwala matendawa. 67% ina inati madokotala ayenera kuloledwa kuthandiza odwala omwe amadzipha.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kafukufuku ku United Kingdom adapeza kuti madokotala ambiri sankagwirizana ndi kudzipha ndi PAS. Chotsutsa chawo chachikulu chidazikidwa pazinthu zachipembedzo.

Kukula

M'mayiko omwe ndi ovomerezeka, munthu amene wapezeka ndi matenda akapha anthu pafupifupi 0.3 mpaka 4.6% amwalira. Oposa 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe amwalira anali okhudzana ndi khansa.

Kuwunikiraku kunapezanso kuti ku Washington ndi Oregon, madotolo amalemba zosakwana 1 peresenti yamalamulo omwe amathandizira kudzipha.

Kutsutsana mozungulira euthanasia

Pali zifukwa zambiri zotsutsana ndi euthanasia ndi PAS. Zambiri mwazifukwazi zimakhala m'magulu anayi:

Makhalidwe abwino ndi chipembedzo

Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti euthanasia ndi kupha ndipo imawoneka yosavomerezeka pazifukwa zamakhalidwe. Ambiri amanenanso kuti kuthekera kodzisankhira imfa yanu kumafooketsa chiyero cha moyo. Kuphatikiza apo, matchalitchi ambiri, magulu azipembedzo, ndi mabungwe azipembedzo amatsutsana ndi euthanasia pazifukwa zofananira.

Chiweruzo cha asing'anga

PAS imangololedwa ngati wina ali ndi luso losankha. Komabe, kudziwa kuthekera kwa malingaliro amunthu sikumveka kwenikweni. Mmodzi adapeza kuti madotolo nthawi zina sangathe kuzindikira ngati wina ali woyenera kupanga chisankho.

Makhalidwe

Madokotala ena ndi otsutsa PAS akuda nkhawa ndi zovuta zomwe madotolo angakumane nazo. Kwa zaka zopitilira 2,500, madotolo adatenga lumbiro la Hippocrates. Lumbiroli limalimbikitsa madokotala kuti asamalire ndipo asavulaze omwe ali pansi pawo.

Ena amati lumbiro la Hippocrat limathandizira PAS popeza limatha kuvutika ndipo silibweretsanso mavuto. Kumbali ina, kutsutsana kwina kumabweretsa mavuto kwa munthuyo ndi okondedwa awo, omwe ayenera kuwonera wokondedwa wawo akuvutika.

Zosankha zaumwini

"Imfa ndi ulemu" ndi gulu lomwe limalimbikitsa nyumba zamalamulo kuti zilolere anthu kusankha momwe angafere. Anthu ena samafuna kudzafa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo okondedwa awo.

Malangizo popanga chisankho

Kupanga zisankho za PAS kwa inu kapena wokondedwa wanu ndizovuta kwambiri, ngakhale aliyense atagwirizana kotheratu.

National Hospice and Palliative Care Organisation imapereka zinthu zambiri zaulere patsamba lawo kudzera pa pulogalamu yawo ya CaringInfo. Pulogalamuyi idapangidwa kuti izithandiza anthu kuyendetsa zovuta zovuta kumapeto kwa moyo, kuchokera ku malamulo aboma mpaka kupeza chithandizo chauzimu.

National Institute of Aging ilinso ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Amapereka mafunso ofunikira kufunsa komanso maupangiri olankhulira ndi madotolo ndi akatswiri ena azachipatala pazokhudza chisamaliro chotsiriza cha moyo.