Chifukwa Chomwe Kuopsa Kwazovuta Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Ndizokwera Kwa Anthu a LGBTQ

Zamkati

• Mavuto apamwamba ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Zovuta za Kunyada
• Kupeza chithandizo ndi chithandizo
• 'Njira yopitilira'

Pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, "Ramone," wa zaka 28, adati adakumana ndi zomwe "sankaganizako konse"

Anasamukira ku New York City kuchokera kunja kwa boma popanda kulumikizana ndi anthu ambiri kapena ntchito, ndipo bedi limayandama nyumba ndi nyumba.

Nthawi ina kuti alipire lendi, adayamba kugwira ntchito yoperekeza.

Kenako, patsiku lake lobadwa la 21, adazindikira kuti adapezeka ndi HIV. Potsirizira pake, adapezeka kuti akukhala m'malo osowa pokhala mumzindawu.

Ramone, yemwe sankafuna kudziwika ndi dzina lake lonse, akuti zomwe zikuyenda munthawi yosinthayi ndikudalira zinthu.

Ngakhale kuti kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kusuta chamba sizinali zolepheretsa moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku, akuti kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunamulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wotchedwa "moyo wopindulitsa."

"Crystal meth adandiuza ndi anthu omwe sanandifunire zabwino," a Ramone adauza Healthline. “Ndimayankhulana ndi ena mwa anthuwa mpaka lero, kamodzi pamwezi wabuluu amatuluka. Inde, ndimaganiza za ‘o, ayi, sindiyenera kulumikizana nawo.’ Koma adalipo pomwe ndimafuna malo okhala, pomwe ndinalibe aliyense, chakudya chilichonse, pogona. Tsoka ilo, anali komweko. ”

Zokumana nazo za Ramone si zachilendo kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ku United States omwe amakhala ndi vuto losokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wa 2017 Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Zaumoyo akuti anthu mamiliyoni 18.7 azaka zapakati pa 18 kapena kupitilira apo anali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ku United States. Lipotilo linanenanso kuti pafupifupi anthu atatu mwa anthu 8 aliwonse amadwala “mankhwala osokoneza bongo,” pafupifupi anthu atatu mwa anayi alionse amakhala omwa mowa, pomwe munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 9 aliwonse amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhani ya Ramone itha kupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azindikire kuti ndi ovomerezeka: anthu a LGBTQ.

Monga membala wodziwika wa gulu la LGBTQ, zokumana nazo za Ramone zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwakukulu kwa zovuta izi pakati pa LGBTQ America.

Chifukwa chiyani nkhanizi ndizofala kwambiri mdera la LGBTQ?

Kafukufuku wambiri ndi ntchito kuchokera kwa aphungu ndi omwe amalimbikitsa ntchitoyi adayesetsa kuyankha funso lovuta ili kwazaka. Kuchokera pakuyang'ana "malo ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ngati malo otetezeka pamisonkhano ya LGBTQ kupita kuzipsinjo zachikhalidwe zomwe zitha kusiya anthu mdera lino makamaka omwe ali pachiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi mutu wovuta, wambiri.

Kwa Ramone, yemwe pakadali pano akukhala moyo wodekha, ndi ena onga iye omwe amadziwika kuti ndi LGBTQ, ndikulimbana kosasunthika kozikika pazinthu zingapo zakuya.

Mavuto apamwamba ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mu Januware, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu LGBT Health adanenanso zakusokonekera kwakukulu kwa zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pakati pa anthu am'deralo LGBTQ.

Gulu lofufuzira lochokera ku Yunivesite ya Michigan lidawunikiranso za 2012-2013 kuchokera ku National Epidemiological Survey pa Mowa ndi Zinthu Zina-III. Mwa achikulire okwana 36,309 omwe adafunsidwa, pafupifupi 6 peresenti adagwera m'gulu la "ochepera kugonana," kutanthauza kuti sanazindikire kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi mwayi wopitilira kawiri anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuti ali ndi vuto "lakumwa" mowa kapena kusuta fodya, pomwe anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amathekera kukhala ndi izi mtundu wamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Omwe sanadziwe momwe angadziwire kuti ali ndi chiwerewere anali ndi mwayi wochulukirapo kasanu kuposa omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

"Tadziwa kuti anthu a LGB (amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) amakhala ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma aka ndi kafukufuku woyamba kufotokoza zovuta zakumwa mowa, kusuta fodya, komanso mavuto azogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo potengera matenda (DSM) -5) pogwiritsa ntchito woimira ku US, "wolemba wamkulu a Carol Boyd, PhD, RN, pulofesa ku University of Michigan School of Nursing, adauza Healthline.

Boyd adalongosola kuti maphunziro am'mbuyomu anali ochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, omwe akuchita kafukufuku wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amatenga amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumabala ndikukawafunsa zakumwa kwawo ndi mowa.

Anatinso maphunziro ena akale amangoganiziranso zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo.

Komabe, chomwe chidapangitsa kuti kafukufukuyu akhale wapadera ndikuti amayang'ana kwambiri za mowa, fodya, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kafukufuku wa Boyd alibe malo akhungu. Mwachitsanzo, pali zina zomwe zasiya kutulutsa mawu achidule a LGBTQ.

Boyd adanena kuti kafukufuku wake sanawunike anthu amtundu wa transgender, natcha kuti "kusiyana kwakukulu" pakufufuza komwe "kuyenera kudzazidwa ndi kafukufuku wamtsogolo."

Ananenanso, "Mtsogolomo, maphunziro akuyenera kufunsa omwe anafunsidwa za kugonana komwe anapatsidwa atabadwa, ndipo ngati izi zikugwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi awo," adaonjeza.

Pomwe kafukufuku wa Boyd sanawunike zovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi transgender, ena ochepa adatero.

Kafukufuku wina waposachedwa adapeza kuti kafukufuku wochokera ku 2013-2015 California Health Kids Survey (CHKS) adawonetsa kuti ophunzira opitilira transgender anali ndi mwayi wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga methamphetamines ndi cocaine kuposa anzawo a cisgender.

Heather Zayde, LCSW, wogwira ntchito zachipatala ku Brooklyn komanso psychotherapist, adauza Healthline kuti kwa achinyamata mdera la LGBTQ, kuthekera kwamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizowona.

"Kwa achinyamata awa, pali mantha oyenera kukhala pagulu lomwe angaganize kuti likuwakana," adatero Zayde. "Pakhala pali ntchito zambiri zomwe zikuyenda m'njira yoyenera, ndikulandiridwa ndi anthu onse, komabe pali uthenga wochokera ku purezidenti wapano, mwachitsanzo, komwe ana akumva zinthu zoyipa zomwe zikuchokera ku utsogoleri - ndizovuta kwambiri, makamaka kwa iwo ana osayenerera kucheza nawo. ”

Ananenanso kuti achinyamatawa nthawi zambiri amawopa kusalandiridwa ndi omwe ali pafupi nawo, kuchokera kumabanja awo mpaka anzawo. Kwa ana awa, "palibe pothawira ku mantha amenewo" okanidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zinthu zimatha kukhala njira "yosavuta" yothandizira kuwongolera momwe akumvera.

Zovuta za Kunyada

Juni 2019 ikukumbukira chaka cha 50th cha zipolowe za Stonewall Inn ku New York City, mphindi yodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya LGBTQ yomwe, mwa zina, idalimbikitsa zaka makumi ambiri zowonekera komanso zachitetezo pagulu la LGBTQ.

Pafupi ndi Stonewall, a Joe Disano amagwira ntchito ngati mlangizi wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual ndi Transgender Community Center (yotchedwa The Center) mdera la West Village ku New York City.

Disano adati m'mbuyomu anthu ambiri a LGBTQ omwe amadzimva kuti "amasalidwa pagulu" amapeza malo otetezeka m'malo opumira usiku ndi malo omwera mowa.

Ndichinthu chomwe amakhala ku New York City "Mark," 42, yemwe adafuna kuti asadziwike ndi dzina lake lonse, amamvetsetsa bwino.

Tsopano, ali ndi zaka 2 1/2 atachira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa, Mark, yemwe ndi wachiwerewere, akukumbukira momwe zidamverera pomwe adayamba kupita kuzipinda zachiwerewere ali wachikulire.

Poyamba kuchokera ku Cincinnati, Ohio, a Mark adayamba kudziona kuti ndi amuna okhaokha atangomaliza maphunziro awo kusekondale. Anatinso kutchalitchi kwawo kunali gulu logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha momwe achinyamata amakhoza kusonkhana ndikumva kuti ndi otetezeka, koma atakula, adakopeka kupita "komwe ma gay onse anali - omwera mowa."

"Chifukwa chake, zaka 20 zikubwerazi kapena apo, zomwe ndimadziwa ndikuti ngati uli gay, umapita kumalo omwera mowa ndi kumakalabu," adauza Healthline. “Kwa zaka zambiri, mwangokodwa kumene. Simukusankha. Zili ngati 'ndiwe gay, nayi botolo, nchikwama.' "

Anati tsopano akuchira, adazindikira kuti moyo wakale womwe umakhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mowa ndi womwe udamuthandiza kumva kuti wafota.

Mwa zomwe Mark adakumana nazo, kudutsa pamoyo ngati mwamuna wamwamuna yemwe amagonana naye amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumatanthauza kukoka katundu wokhudzidwa m'maganizo mwake - nkhawa komanso kupwetekedwa mtima chifukwa chakuzunzidwa komanso kukanidwa.

Anatinso akumva kuti ndichinthu chomwe chingapangitse anthu ambiri a LGBTQ ngati iye kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti apulumuke kwakanthawi.

"Anthu onse amakhala ndi zowawa zomwe amakhala nazo, koma ndikuganiza kuti kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena achiwerewere, pali zinthu zomwe timayenda nazo. Monga, pali njira zina, koma simukuzifufuza, mupita ku kalabu, mumapita ku bar, ndiye ndikumva ngati ndizomwe mumachita, ndizowononga, "adatero.

Kwa Mark kugwiritsira ntchito mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti azivutika maganizo kwambiri, ndipo zinafika poti maganizo ofuna kudzipha anayamba “kulingalirapo.”

Adakumbukira momwe, patatha sabata limodzi lokhalira kukalipira, adaganiza zopempha thandizo. Adapita kumsonkhano ku The Center ku New York, ndipo adachita chidwi ndikakumana ndi anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe "samafuna kundiledzeretsa kapena kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo [ndipo amangoti] akufuna kupeza njira yothetsera izi, nanenso. ”

Mark adati chimodzi mwazovuta zake zazikulu pakufuna kukhala moyo wodziletsa ndikumvetsetsa momwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwakhala kovomerezeka pamoyo wake ndikuti malingaliro ake "adasokonekera."

Kwa iye, gawo lokhala moyo wodekha limatanthauza kuphunzira kuti zina mwamakhalidwe omwe adalandira monga gawo la "usiku" wamba sizinali zachilendo.

"Mwachitsanzo, wina wogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso pa malo ovina, ndikadaganiza kuti si zachilendo, ngati ndimayenera kuphunzira kuti sizinali zachilendo kuti anthu azichita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndikugwa pansi, ndikukomoka. Zinanditengera kuti ndiyambenso kuphunzira kuti ‘o, sizachilendo,’ ”adatero Mark.

Tsopano, Mark adati ndiwothokoza chifukwa chakuwona kwake kwatsopano komanso kuthekera kochita ndi anthu pamlingo wapamwamba popanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa.

"Mkati simusowa kuti muledzere usiku uliwonse," adatero zaupangiri womwe angadzipatse wachinyamata wake. “Pamafunika khama kuti muziganizira kwambiri za 'inu.'”

Kupeza chithandizo ndi chithandizo

Craig Sloane, LCSW, CASAC, CSAT, ndi psychotherapist komanso wogwira ntchito zachipatala yemwe amadziwa momwe zimakhalira kuti athandize ena onse kuchira ndikufunafuna thandizo. Monga mwamuna yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi gay kuti ayambe kuchira, Sloane adati ndikofunikira kuti tisapenteke zokumana nazo za aliyense mosabisa konse.

“Aliyense ndi wosiyana. Simungadziyerekeze kuti mukudziwa momwe aliyense alili, koma m'njira zambiri, ndikuganiza kuti ndikungokhala ndichisoni chodziwa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kupempha thandizo, ndikudziwitsanso ndekha pochira ndizotheka, zimandilola kuti ndipereke chiyembekezo china, "adatero Sloane.

Mwaukadaulo, adati sakugawana mbiri yake ndi anthu omwe amagwira nawo ntchito, koma adaonjezeranso kuti zomwe adakumana nazo zitha kumuthandiza kumvetsetsa zomwe akukumana nazo.

A Sloane adanenanso a Mark ndi Disano kuti kukula ndikukula ndikukhala LGBTQ kumatha kupangitsa anthu ena kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kupsinjika.

"Kupwetekedwa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi manyazi chifukwa chokhala LGBTQ, kukhala mchikhalidwe chomwe, makamaka, chimakonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chimapweteketsa," a Sloane adalongosola. "Kuchokera kukumana ndi kuzunzidwa komanso kukanidwa ndi abwenzi komanso abale, zoopsazi mwatsoka zidakalipobe mu 2019. M'madera ambiri mdziko muno, malo abwino oti anthu omwe akupitako azipitako ndi mipiringidzo, chifukwa chake kudzipatula ndichimodzi mwa zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa anthu a LGBTQ. ”

Ananenanso kuti kwa anthu amtundu wa transgender, makamaka, kukanidwa komanso kudzipatula kwa anzawo komanso mabanja kutha kukhala kwakukulu. Zochitika zonsezi zimabweretsa "kupsinjika kwakung'ono," komwe Sloane adanenanso kuti kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumamveka ndi magulu omwe amasalidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu ambiri a LGBTQ kukhala pachiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Dr.Alex S. Keuroghlian, MPH, director of the programme and education programmes ku The Fenway Institute komanso pulofesa wothandizira wa zamisala ku Harvard Medical School, adati anthu a LGBTQ omwe akufuna chithandizo atha kukhala ovuta kupeza malo ophatikizira azaumoyo.

"Mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuyenera kulinganizidwa ndi anthu a LGBTQ," adatero. “Tiyenera kukhazikitsa njira zochepa zothandizira anthu kupsinjika ndi njira zowatsimikizira. Omwe amapereka chithandizo amayenera kusintha ndi kuthana ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala ku zinthu monga matenda opioid pakati pa anthu a LGBTQ, mwachitsanzo. ”

Kuphatikiza apo, adanenanso kuti opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amafunika kumvetsetsa momwe madalaivala azolowera amamangiriridwa ku zovuta zazing'ono.

Keuroghlian adaonjezeranso kuti zinthu zasinthanso mwanjira zina, ngakhale pakadali pano pakufunika kuchitidwa kuti pakhale njira yothandizira zaumoyo. M'malo mwake, kugwa uku, akuti adapemphedwa kuti alankhule ku Tennessee za kuthana ndi vuto la opioid mdera la LGBTQ.

"Tennessee ndi boma komwe anthu sangayembekezere kuwona chidwi chokomera chisamaliro mderali, koma zinthu zamtunduwu zikuchitika mdziko lonseli, pali ntchito yayikulu yomwe ikuchitika yomwe palibe amene amva," adalongosola.

A Francisco J. Lazala, MPA, oyang'anira mapulogalamu, oyang'anira milandu ku Harlem United, malo azachipatala ku New York City, ati pali achinyamata ambiri a LGBTQ kunja uko omwe amafunikira nyumba ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kuposa kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zomwe zingathandize kuyankha zosowa zawo.

Lazala adati Harlem United imatumikira makamaka achinyamata amtundu komanso mamembala am'magulu oponderezedwa omwe amabwera kwa iye kudzafuna thandizo ndi chitetezo.

Achinyamata ambiri omwe amagwira nawo ntchito amakhala osowa pokhala komanso osokoneza bongo.

Anati nkhani zina ndizolimbikitsa kuposa zina.

Sabata yomweyi poyankhulana ndi Healthline, Lazala adati mtsikana wina yemwe amagwira naye ntchito adabwera kudzamuwona. M'mbuyomu anali ndi chidakwa. Adawulula kuti atangosiya mowa, adazindikira kuti ali ndi HIV.

"Mtima wanga udangosweka," adatero. "Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuwona achichepere awa [akumenya misewu yamtunduwu ndipo] pali ntchito zochepa kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV."

'Njira yopitilira'

Zaka makumi asanu kuchokera pamene Stonewall, Lazala adazindikira kuti ndizodabwitsa kuti malo omwe kale anali malo obisalako ndi malo otetezeka - monga West Village oyandikana ndi Stonewall ndi The Center ku New York - asanduka "ocheperako," ndipo samalandira alendo achichepere a LGBTQ kufunafuna malo omwe angawalepheretse kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mowa.

Ramone amadziwa bwino ntchito ya Lazala. Adabwera ku Harlem United pomwe anali wopanda nyumba ndipo adayamika ntchito ndi thandizo lomwe adapeza kumeneko ndikumubwezeretsa.

“Ndinkangocheza ndi anthu olakwika, zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri popezeka ndikupeza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kucheza ndi anthu omwe anali kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwadzidzidzi, ndinali kuchita zinthu zomwe sindinkafuna kuchita. Sindikumva kukondedwa, sindinali womasuka, ”adatero.

Pokhala ndi moyo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, a Ramone adati ndikofunikira kuti anthu adziwe kuti sikungokhala "kuyimilira ndikuchitapo kanthu."

"Ndi njira yopitilira," adatero. "Mwamwayi, ndatsimikiza mtima."

Mark adati ali wokondwa kwambiri popeza amatha "kufikira" zambiri za iye tsopano popeza akuchira.

"Gulu lomwe likuchira ndi gulu lomwe likukula kwambiri, anthu ambiri osawuka akudzuka," adatero Mark. “Ndikuganiza kuti kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi mwayi wapadera. Zimakhala zovuta pamene sungathe kugwira ntchito yapaderayi ngati mwaledzera. Ndipo mozama mumatha kugwiritsira ntchito zonsezi, mumayamba kugwira ntchito ya moyo wanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri zomwe tikunyamula. Ndi malo osangalatsa kukhalapo. "