Kutentha
Kutentha kumachitika nthawi zambiri ndikamakhudzana mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji ndi kutentha, magetsi, ma radiation, kapena othandizira mankhwala. Kuwotcha kumatha kubweretsa kufa kwa khungu, komwe kumafunikira kuchipatala ndipo kumatha kupha.
Pali magawo atatu a zopsereza:
- Kuwotcha koyambirira kumangokhudza khungu lakunja kokha. Amayambitsa kupweteka, kufiira, ndi kutupa.
- Kutentha kwachiwiri kumakhudza khungu lakunja ndi khungu. Amayambitsa kupweteka, kufiira, kutupa, ndi kuphulika. Amatchedwanso kutentha kwakanthawi.
- Kutentha kwachitatu kumakhudza khungu lakuya. Amatchedwanso kutentha kwathunthu. Amayambitsa khungu loyera kapena lakuda, lotentha. Khungu litha kukhala dzanzi.
Kuwotcha kumagwera m'magulu awiri.
Ziwopsezo zazing'ono ndi izi:
- Digiri yoyamba imayaka paliponse pathupi
- Digiri yachiwiri imayaka ochepera mainchesi 2 mpaka 3 (5 mpaka 7.5 sentimita) mulifupi
Kutentha kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo:
- Kutentha kwachitatu
- Digiri yachiwiri imayaka kuposa mainchesi 2 mpaka 3 (5 mpaka 7.5 sentimita) mulifupi
- Kutentha kwachiwiri pamanja, kumapazi, nkhope, kubuula, matako, kapena kulumikizana kwakukulu
Mutha kukhala ndi mitundu yoposa imodzi yakuwotcha nthawi imodzi.
Kutentha kwakukulu kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Izi zitha kuthandiza kupewa zipsera, kulumala, ndi kupunduka.
Kutentha kumaso, manja, mapazi, ndi maliseche kumatha kukhala koopsa kwambiri.
Ana ochepera zaka 4 komanso akulu azaka zopitilira 60 ali ndi mwayi wambiri wovutika komanso kufa chifukwa chotentha kwambiri chifukwa khungu lawo limakhala locheperako kuposa azaka zina.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zamoto kuchokera kuzambiri mpaka zosafikika ndi izi:
- Moto / lawi
- Kutentha kuchokera ku nthunzi kapena zakumwa zotentha
- Kukhudza zinthu zotentha
- Kutentha kwamagetsi
- Mankhwala amayaka
Kuwotcha kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha izi:
- Moto wanyumba ndi mafakitale
- Ngozi zamagalimoto
- Kusewera ndi machesi
- Malo otentha, ma ng'anjo, kapena zida zamafakitale
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala zida zozimitsira moto ndi zozimitsa moto zina
- Ngozi za kukhitchini, monga mwana kutenga chitsulo kapena kutentha sitovu kapena uvuni
Muthanso kuwotcha mayendedwe anu ngati mupuma utsi, nthunzi, mpweya wotentha kwambiri, kapena utsi wamafuta m'malo opanda mpweya wabwino.
Zizindikiro zowotcha zitha kuphatikiza:
- Matuza omwe amakhala osasunthika (osasweka) kapena ataphulika ndipo akutuluka madzi.
- Ululu - Zowawa zomwe muli nazo sizikugwirizana ndi kutentha. Kuwotcha koopsa kwambiri sikungakhale kopweteka.
- Khungu losenda.
- Shock - Yang'anirani khungu lotumbululuka komanso lowundana, kufooka, milomo yabuluu ndi zikhadabo, ndikuchepetsa chidwi.
- Kutupa.
- Khungu lofiira, loyera, kapena la moto.
Mutha kukhala ndi moto pakuwuluka ngati muli:
- Kutentha pamutu, nkhope, khosi, nsidze, kapena mphuno
- Kutentha milomo ndi pakamwa
- Kutsokomola
- Kuvuta kupuma
- Nkhungu zakuda, zakuda
- Kusintha kwa mawu
- Kutentha
Musanapereke chithandizo choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wamoto woyaka munthuyo. Ngati simukudziwa, tengani ngati kuwotcha kwakukulu. Kutentha kwakukulu kumafuna chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo. Imbani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi kapena 911.
ZINTHU Zing'onozing'ono
Ngati khungu silisweka:
- Yendetsani madzi ozizira pamalo owotchera kapena alowetsani m'malo osambira ozizira (osati madzi oundana). Sungani malowa pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi zosachepera 5 mpaka 30. Chovala choyera, chozizira, chonyowa chingathandize kuchepetsa kupweteka.
- Khalani wodekha ndi kumutsimikizira munthuyo.
- Mukatha kutsuka kapena kuthira kutentha, kuphimbani ndi bandeji youma, yopanda kapena kuvala bwino.
- Tetezani kutentha kuchokera kukakamizidwe ndi mikangano.
- Over-the-counter ibuprofen kapena acetaminophen itha kuthandizira kuthetsa ululu ndi kutupa. Osapatsa aspirin kwa ana ochepera zaka 12.
- Khungu litakhazikika, mafuta odzola okhala ndi aloe komanso maantibayotiki amathanso kuthandiza.
Ziwopsezo zazing'ono zimachira popanda chithandizo china. Onetsetsani kuti munthuyo walandira zonse zokhudza katemera wa kafumbata.
MABUKU AAKULU
Ngati wina akuyaka moto, muuzeni kuti aime, agwetse pansi, ndipo agubuduke. Kenako, tsatirani izi:
- Mangani munthuyo pazinthu zowirira; monga ubweya waubweya kapena thonje, kapeti, kapena bulangeti. Izi zimathandiza kuzimitsa malawi.
- Thirani madzi pa munthuyo.
- Imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yakomweko.
- Onetsetsani kuti munthuyo sakukhudzanso chilichonse chowotcha kapena chosuta.
- Musachotse zovala zotentha zomwe zakakamira pakhungu.
- Onetsetsani kuti munthuyo akupuma. Ngati ndi kotheka, yambani kupuma ndi CPR.
- Phimbani malo oyaka ndi bandage youma yopanda (ngati ilipo) kapena nsalu yoyera. Chinsalu chimachita ngati malo owotchera ndi akulu. OGWIRITSA mafuta aliwonse. Pewani kuswa matuza.
- Ngati zala zanu zakumapazi zatenthedwa, zilekanitseni ndi mabandeji owuma, osawola, osakhala ndodo.
- Kwezani gawo la thupi lomwe latenthedwa pamwamba pamlingo wamtima.
- Tetezani malo owotchera kupsinjika ndi mikangano.
- Ngati kuwonongeka kwa magetsi kungayambitse kutentha, MUSAMAKhudze munthuyo mwachindunji. Gwiritsani ntchito chinthu chosakhala chachitsulo kuti mumulekanitse munthuyo ndi mawaya owonekera asanayambe thandizo loyamba.
Muyeneranso kupewa mantha. Ngati munthuyo alibe mutu, khosi, msana, kapena kuvulala mwendo, tsatirani izi:
- Mpatseni munthuyo pansi
- Kwezani mapazi pafupifupi mainchesi 12 (30 sentimita)
- Phimbani munthuyo ndi malaya kapena bulangeti
Pitirizani kuwunika momwe munthuyo amagwirira ntchito, kupuma kwake, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka atalandira thandizo lachipatala.
Zinthu zomwe siziyenera kuchitidwa pakuwotcha ndizo:
- OGWIRITSA mafuta, batala, ayezi, mankhwala, zonona, utsi wamafuta, kapena mankhwala aliwonse apanyumba.
- Musapume, kuphulika, kapena kutsokomola pamoto.
- Musasokoneze khungu lamatenda kapena lakufa.
- Musachotse zovala zomwe zakakamira pakhungu.
- Osamupatsa munthu chilichonse pakamwa ngati wapsa kwambiri.
- MUSAMAPEWETSE kutentha m'madzi ozizira. Izi zitha kuyambitsa mantha.
- MUSAMAYIKIre mtsamiro pamutu pamunthu ngati pali njira yoyatsira mpweya. Izi zitha kutseka njira zapaulendo.
Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati:
- Kutentha ndikokulu kwambiri, kukula kwa kanjedza kanu kapena kokulirapo.
- Kutentha ndikowopsa (digiri yachitatu).
- Simukudziwa kuti ndizovuta bwanji.
- Kutentha kumayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena magetsi.
- Munthuyo akuwonetsa zodabwitsa.
- Munthuyo adapuma utsi.
- Kuzunzidwa ndi komwe kumadziwika kapena kukayika chifukwa chakupsa.
- Pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kutentha.
Pazoyaka zazing'ono, itanani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mukumva kuwawa pambuyo pa maola 48.
Itanani munthu wothandizira nthawi yomweyo ngati zizindikiro za matenda zikukula. Zizindikirozi ndi monga:
- Ngalande kapena mafinya ochokera pakhungu lotentha
- Malungo
- Kuchuluka ululu
- Mitsinje yofiira ikufalikira kuchokera kuwotcha
- Kutupa ma lymph node
Muimbireni foni nthawi yomweyo ngati zizindikiro zakusowa madzi m'thupi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha:
- Kuchepetsa kukodza
- Chizungulire
- Khungu louma
- Mutu
- Mitu yopepuka
- Nsautso (kapena osanza)
- Ludzu
Ana, okalamba, ndi aliyense amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku HIV) ayenera kuwonedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Wothandizirayo ayesa mbiri yakale ndikuwunika. Kuyesa ndi njira zidzachitika pakufunika.
Izi zingaphatikizepo:
- Ndege ndi chithandizo chopumira, kuphatikiza chigoba cha nkhope, chubu kudzera pakamwa kupita ku trachea, kapena makina opumira (mpweya wabwino) woyaka kwambiri kapena womwe umakhudza nkhope kapena njira yapaulendo
- Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo ngati mantha kapena zovuta zina zilipo
- X-ray pachifuwa cha nkhope kapena mayendedwe apandege amawotcha
- ECG (electrocardiogram, kapena kutsata mtima), ngati mantha kapena zovuta zina zilipo
- Madzi olowa mkati (madzi kudzera mumitsempha), ngati mantha kapena zovuta zina zilipo
- Mankhwala othandiza kuchepetsa ululu komanso kupewa matenda
- Zodzola kapena mafuta opaka m'malo opsereza
- Katemera wa Tetanus, ngati sakhala wapano
Zotsatira zake zimadalira mtundu (madigiri), kukula, ndi malo omwe akutenthedwako. Zimadaliranso ngati ziwalo zamkati zakhudzidwa, komanso ngati zoopsa zina zachitika. Kuwotcha kumatha kusiya zipsera zosatha. Amathanso kuzindikira kutentha ndi kuwala kuposa khungu labwinobwino. Malo osasunthika, monga maso, mphuno, kapena makutu, atha kuvulala kwambiri ndipo sangathenso kugwira bwino ntchito.
Ndikapsa pamsewu, munthuyo amatha kupuma pang'ono komanso kuwonongeka kwamapapu kosatha. Kuwotcha kwakukulu komwe kumakhudza mafupa kumatha kubweretsa mgwirizano, kusiya cholumikizacho ndikuchepetsa kuyenda komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito.
Kuthandiza kupewa zopsa:
- Ikani ma alamu a utsi m'nyumba mwanu. Onetsetsani ndikusintha mabatire pafupipafupi.
- Phunzitsani ana za chitetezo chamoto komanso kuwopsa kwa machesi ndi zotentha.
- Pewani ana kuti asakwere pamwamba pa chitofu kapena kutenga zinthu zotentha monga zitsulo ndi zitseko za uvuni.
- Sinthani zigwiriro zamphika kumbuyo kwa chitofu kuti ana asazigwire ndipo sangakodwe mwangozi.
- Ikani zozimitsira moto m'malo ofunikira kunyumba, kuntchito, ndi kusukulu.
- Chotsani zingwe zamagetsi pansi ndikusunga kuti zisamayende.
- Dziwani za njira zoyeserera moto kunyumba, kuntchito, komanso kusukulu.
- Ikani kutentha kwa madzi pa 120 ° F (48.8 ° C) kapena kuchepera.
Kutentha koyamba; Kutentha kwachiwiri; Kutentha kwachitatu
- Kutentha
- Burn, blister - kutseka
- Kutentha, matenthedwe - kutseka
- Kuwotcha kwa ndege
- Khungu
- Kutentha koyamba
- Kutentha kwachiwiri
- Kutentha kwachitatu
- Kutentha kwakung'ono - chithandizo choyamba - mndandanda
Christiani DC. Kuvulala kwakuthupi ndi mankhwala m'mapapu. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 94.
Woyimba AJ, Lee CC. Matenthedwe amayaka. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 56.
CD ya Voigt, Celis M, Voigt DW. Kusamalira zowotcha zakunja. Mu: Herndon DN, Mkonzi. Kusamalira Kwathunthu. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 6.