Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu

TB ya m'mapapo (TB) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera m'mapapo. Ikhoza kufalikira ku ziwalo zina.

TB ya m'mapapo mwanga imayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu (M chifuwa chachikulu). TB imafalikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabakiteriya amafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka kupita kwa wina. Mutha kutenga TB popumira m'madontho ampweya kuchokera ku chifuwa kapena kuyetsemula kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Matendawa am'mapapo amatchedwa TB yoyamba.

Anthu ambiri amachira kuchipatala cha TB popanda umboni wowonjezera wa matendawa. Matendawa amatha kukhala osagwira ntchito (osakhalitsa) kwa zaka. Kwa anthu ena, imayambanso kugwira ntchito (kuyambiranso).

Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi zizindikilo zakuti ali ndi chifuwa cha TB adayamba kutenga kachilomboka m'mbuyomu. Nthawi zina, matendawa amayamba kugwira ntchito patangotha ​​milungu ingapo kuchokera pomwe adayamba kudwala.

Anthu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kapena kuyambiranso kwa TB:

• Okalamba okalamba
• Makanda
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha HIV / AIDS, chemotherapy, shuga, kapena mankhwala omwe amafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi

Chiwopsezo chanu chotenga TB chikuwonjezeka ngati:

• Ali pafupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi TB
• Khalani m'malo okhala modzaza kapena odetsedwa
• Musakhale ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi

Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a TB mwa anthu:

• Kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana
• Kuchuluka kwa anthu osowa pokhala (malo osauka komanso chakudya)
• Kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a TB

Gawo loyamba la TB silimayambitsa zizindikiro. Zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo zimachitika, zimatha kukhala:

• Kupuma kovuta
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kukhosomola (nthawi zambiri kumakhala ntchofu)
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, makamaka usiku
• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kutentha

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Izi zitha kuwonetsa:

• Kugwedeza zala kapena zala (mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opita patsogolo)
• Matenda otupa kapena ofewa m'khosi kapena m'malo ena
• Madzi ozungulira mapapo (pleural effusion)
• Mpweya wosazolowereka umamveka (mabwinja)

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Bronchoscopy (mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe kuti awone momwe akuuluka)
• Chifuwa cha CT
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Interferon-gamma amatulutsa mayeso amwazi, monga mayeso a QFT-Gold kuti ayese ngati ali ndi TB (yogwira kapena matenda m'mbuyomu)
• Kufufuza kwa sputum ndi zikhalidwe
• Thoracentesis (njira yochotsera madzi kuchokera pakatikati pa mapapo akunja ndi khoma lachifuwa)
• Kuyesedwa kwa khungu la tuberculin (komwe kumatchedwanso mayeso a PPD)
• Chiwindi cha minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa (sichichita kawirikawiri)

Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuchiza matendawa ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi mabakiteriya a TB. TB yogwira m'mapapo mwanga imathandizidwa ndikuphatikiza mankhwala ambiri (nthawi zambiri mankhwala anayi). Munthuyo amatenga mankhwalawo mpaka kuyezetsa magazi ku labu akuwonetsa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe akugwira ntchito bwino.

Mungafunike kumwa mapiritsi osiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana tsiku kwa miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mumwe mapiritsi momwe woperekayo walangizira.

Anthu akamamwa mankhwala a chifuwa cha TB monga akuyenera, matendawa amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuwachiza. Mabakiteriya a TB amatha kulimbana ndi mankhwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala sakugwiranso ntchito.

Ngati munthu sakumwa mankhwala onse monga momwe adanenera, woperekayo angafunike kumuwonetsetsa munthuyo akumwa mankhwala. Njirayi imatchedwa chithandizo chodziwika bwino. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala akhoza kuperekedwa kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata.

Mungafunike kukhala kunyumba kapena kulandilidwa kuchipatala milungu iwiri kapena iwiri kuti mupewe kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena mpaka mutapatsirana.

Wogwirizira wanu amafunika malinga ndi lamulo kuti mufotokozere matenda anu a TB ku dipatimenti yazaumoyo. Gulu lanu lazachipatala lidzaonetsetsa kuti mulandila chisamaliro chabwino koposa.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kumatha kukuthandizani kuti muzimva bwino.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimasintha m'masabata awiri kapena atatu mutayamba kulandira chithandizo. X-ray pachifuwa siziwonetsa izi mpaka milungu kapena miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake. Chiyembekezo ndi chabwino kwambiri ngati TB yam'mapapo yapezeka msanga ndipo chithandizo choyenera chimayambitsidwa mwachangu.

Matenda a m'mapapo angayambitse matenda am'mapapo osachiritsidwa msanga. Ikhozanso kufalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Mankhwala omwe amachiza TB angayambitse mavuto, kuphatikiza:

• Zosintha m'masomphenya
• Misozi yofiirira- kapena bulauni ndi mkodzo
• Kutupa
• Kutupa chiwindi

Kuyesedwa kwamasomphenya kumatha kuchitidwa musanalandire chithandizo kuti wothandizira wanu athe kuwunika kusintha kwamaso anu.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mukuganiza kapena mukudziwa kuti mwapezeka ndi TB
• Mumakhala ndi zizindikiro za TB
• Zizindikiro zanu zimapitilira ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo
• Zizindikiro zatsopano zimayamba

TB imatha kupewedwa, ngakhale kwa iwo omwe adapezeka ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kuyezetsa khungu pakhungu la TB kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena mwa anthu omwe atha kudwala TB, monga othandizira azaumoyo.

Anthu omwe adakumana ndi TB ayenera kuyezetsa khungu mwachangu ndikudzapimanso pambuyo pake, ngati kuyezetsa koyambirira kulibe.

Kuyezetsa khungu kumatanthauza kuti mwakumana ndi mabakiteriya a TB. Sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi TB yolimbana kapena yopatsirana. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za momwe mungapewere kutenga TB.

Chithandizo cha msanga ndichofunika kwambiri popewa kufala kwa TB kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi TB yolimbikira kupita kwa omwe sanatengepo ndi TB.

Mayiko ena omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB amapatsa anthu katemera wotchedwa BCG wopewera TB. Koma, mphamvu ya katemerayu ndiyochepa ndipo siyigwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States popewa TB.

Anthu omwe adakhalapo ndi BCG atha kuyesabe khungu la TB. Kambiranani zotsatira za mayeso (ngati zili zabwino) ndi omwe amakupatsani.

TB; Chifuwa chachikulu - m'mapapo mwanga; Mycobacterium - m'mapapo mwanga

• TB mu impso
• Chifuwa cham'mapapo
• TB, patsogolo - chifuwa x-ray
• Pulmonary nodule - kutsogolo kwa chifuwa x-ray
• Pulmonary nodule, payekha - CT scan
• Matenda a TB
• TB ya m'mapapo
• Erythema nodosum yokhudzana ndi sarcoidosis
• Dongosolo kupuma
• Kuyesedwa kwa khungu la tuberculin

Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 249.

TB ya Hauk L.: malangizo owunikira kuchokera ku ATS, IDSA, ndi CDC. Ndi Sing'anga wa Fam. 2018; 97 (1): 56-58. [Adasankhidwa] PMID: 29365230 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365230.

Wallace WAH. Thirakiti la kupuma. Mu: Cross SS, yokonzedwa. Underwood's Pathology. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 14.