Matenda oopsa

Kuthamanga kwa m'mapapo ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo. Zimapangitsa mbali yakumanja yamtima kugwira ntchito molimbika kuposa masiku onse.

Mbali yakumanja ya mtima imapopa magazi kudzera m'mapapu, momwe imatenga mpweya. Magazi amabwerera kumanzere kwa mtima, pomwe amapoperedwa mthupi lonse.

Mitsempha yaying'ono (mitsempha yamagazi) yamapapu ikafupika, imatha kunyamula magazi ochulukirapo. Izi zikachitika, kupanikizika kumakula. Izi zimatchedwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga.

Mtima umayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kukakamiza magazi kudzera m'mitsempha kuti isatengeke ndi izi. Popita nthawi, izi zimapangitsa mbali yakumanja yamtima kukula. Vutoli limatchedwa kulephera kwamtima, kapena cor pulmonale.

Matenda oopsa angayambidwe ndi:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amawononga mapapu, monga scleroderma ndi nyamakazi
• Zolephera zakubadwa za mtima
• Magazi amatundikira m'mapapu (pulmonary embolism)
• Mtima kulephera
• Matenda a valavu yamtima
• Matenda a HIV
• Mavitamini a oxygen m'mwazi kwa nthawi yayitali (osatha)
• Matenda am'mapapo, monga COPD kapena pulmonary fibrosis kapena vuto lina lililonse lamapapo
• Mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena azakudya)
• Kulepheretsa kugona tulo

Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha matenda oopsa am'mapapo sichidziwika. Poterepa, vutoli limatchedwa idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Idiopathic amatanthauza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda sichikudziwika. IPAH imakhudza akazi ambiri kuposa amuna.

Ngati matenda oopsa am'mapapo mwanga amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala odziwika kapena matenda, amatchedwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo.

Kupuma pang'ono kapena kumutu mopepuka pantchito nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro choyamba. Kuthamanga kwamtima (palpitations) kumatha kukhalapo. Popita nthawi, zizindikilo zimachitika ndikucheperako kapena ngakhale kupumula.

Zizindikiro zina ndizo:

• Kutupa kwa bondo ndi mwendo
• Mtundu wabuluu wamilomo kapena khungu (cyanosis)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika, nthawi zambiri patsogolo pa chifuwa
• Chizungulire kapena kukomoka
• Kutopa
• Kuchulukitsa kwamimba
• Kufooka

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa am'mapapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimabwera ndikutha. Amanena masiku abwino ndi masiku oyipa.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za matenda anu. Mayeso atha kupeza:

• Mtima wosazolowereka umamveka
• Kumverera kwa kutentha kwa pachifuwa
• Mtima ukudandaula mbali yakumanja kwa mtima
• Mitsempha ikuluikulu kuposa yachibadwa m'khosi
• Kutupa kwamiyendo
• Kutupa kwa chiwindi ndi ndulu
• Kupuma kwabwinobwino kumamveka ngati matenda oopsa am'mapapo mwazi ndi idiopathic kapena chifukwa chobadwa ndi matenda amtima
• Mpweya wosazolowereka umamveka ngati matenda oopsa am'mapapu amachokera ku matenda ena am'mapapo
  

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mayeso amatha kukhala abwinobwino kapena pafupifupi wamba. Vutoli limatha kutenga miyezi ingapo kuti mupeze matendawa. Mphumu ndi matenda ena atha kubweretsa zizindikiro zofananira ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Kuyesa magazi
• Catheterization yamtima
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa
• Zojambulajambula
• ECG
• Kuyesa kwa mapapo
• Kujambula kwa mapapo a nyukiliya
• Matenda a m'mapapo
• Kuyesa kwa mphindi 6
• Kuphunzira kugona
• Kuyesa kuti muwone zovuta zama auto

Palibe chithandizo cha matenda oopsa am'mapapo. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuteteza zizindikilo ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwamapapu. Ndikofunika kuthana ndi zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa am'mapapo, monga kupuma tulo tobanika, matenda am'mapapo, ndi mavuto amagetsi a mtima.

Njira zambiri zochizira matenda oopsa am'mapapo zimapezeka. Mukapatsidwa mankhwala, akhoza kumwa ndi pakamwa (pakamwa), kulandiridwa kudzera mumitsempha (intravenous, kapena IV), kapena kupumira mpweya (wopumira).

Wothandizira anu adzasankha kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe angakuthandizeni. Mudzawunikidwa mozama mukamalandira chithandizo kuti muwone zotsatira zake ndikuwona momwe mukuyankhira mankhwalawo. Osasiya kumwa mankhwala anu osalankhula ndi omwe amakupatsani.

Mankhwala ena atha kukhala:

• Ochepetsa magazi kuti achepetse ngozi yamagazi, makamaka ngati muli ndi IPAH
• Thandizo la oxygen kunyumba
• Mapapo, kapena nthawi zina, kumuika mtima ndi mapapo, ngati mankhwala sakugwira ntchito

Malangizo ena ofunikira kutsatira:

• Pewani kutenga mimba
• Pewani ntchito zolemetsa zolimbitsa thupi ndikukweza
• Pewani kupita kumalo okwera
• Pezani katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse, komanso katemera wina monga katemera wa chibayo
• Lekani kusuta

Mumachita bwino bwanji zimadalira zomwe zidayambitsa vutoli. Mankhwala a IPAH angathandize kuchepetsa matendawa.

Matendawa akamakulirakulirabe, muyenera kusintha zina ndi zina m'nyumba mwanu kuti muzitha kuyendayenda panyumba.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mumayamba kukhala ndi mpweya wochepa mukamagwira ntchito
• Kupuma pang'ono kumawonjezeka
• Mumayamba kupweteka pachifuwa
• Mumakhala ndi zizindikiro zina

Matenda ochepetsa matenda oopsa; Kuchuluka kwamapapo mwanga kuthamanga kwa magazi; Wodziwika bwino pulmonary hypertension; Idiopathic pulmonary ochepa matenda oopsa; Pulayimale m'mapapo mwanga matenda oopsa; PPH; Matenda a sekondale oopsa; Cor pulmonale - kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga

• Dongosolo kupuma
• Kuthamanga kwa pulmonary koyambirira
• Kuika mtima ndi mapapo - mndandanda

Chin K, Channick RN. Matenda oopsa. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 58.

Mclaughlin VV, Humbert M. Pulmonary matenda oopsa. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 85.