Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism ndimatenda omwe mafinya am'mitsempha samatulutsa mahomoni okwanira (PTH).

Pali tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'khosi.

Matenda a parathyroid amathandiza kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa calcium ndi thupi. Amachita izi popanga mahomoni otchedwa parathyroid (PTH). PTH imathandiza kuchepetsa calcium, phosphorus, ndi mavitamini D m'magazi ndi mafupa.

Hypoparathyroidism imachitika pamene tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timatulutsa PTH pang'ono. Mlingo wa calcium umagwa, ndipo phosphorous imakwera.

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha hypoparathyroidism ndimavulala am'magazi a parathyroid panthawi ya chithokomiro kapena khosi. Zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha izi:

• Kudziwombera nokha pamatenda a parathyroid (wamba)
• Mulingo wotsika kwambiri wamagazi m'magazi (osinthika)
• Chithandizo cha ayodini chothandizira ma hyperthyroidism (chosowa kwambiri)

Matenda a DiGeorge ndi matenda omwe hypoparathyroidism imachitika chifukwa tiziwalo zonse za parathyroid zimasowa pobadwa. Matendawa amaphatikizanso mavuto ena azaumoyo kupatula hypoparathyroidism. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali mwana.

Kutchuka kwa hypoparathyroidism kumachitika ndi matenda ena a endocrine monga adrenal insufficiency mu matenda otchedwa mtundu I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I).

Kuyambika kwa matenda kumakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo zizindikilo zimatha kukhala zofatsa. Anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi hypoparathyroidism akhala ndi zizindikilo kwazaka zambiri asanamwonekere. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofatsa kwambiri kotero kuti matendawa amachitika pambuyo pofufuza magazi omwe akuwonetsa calcium yocheperako.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kutulutsa milomo, zala, ndi zala (zofala kwambiri)
• Zilonda zam'mimba (zofala kwambiri)
• Kutupa kwaminyewa kotchedwa tetany (kumatha kukhudza kholingo, kumayambitsa kupuma movutikira)
• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Nyimbo yachilendo
• Misomali yosweka
• Kupunduka
• Calcium imayikidwa m'matumba ena
• Kuchepetsa chidziwitso
• Tsitsi louma
• Wouma, khungu lakhungu
• Kupweteka kumaso, miyendo, ndi mapazi
• Msambo wowawa
• Kugwidwa
• Mano omwe samakula munthawi yake, kapena ayi
• Enamel wofooka (mwa ana)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikufunsa za zizindikiro.

Kuyesa komwe kudzachitike ndikuphatikizapo:

• Kuyesa magazi kwa PTH
• Kuyesa magazi a calcium
• Mankhwala enaake a
• Kuyesa mkodzo kwa maola 24

Mayesero ena omwe angayitanidwe ndi awa:

• ECG kuti muwone ngati pali vuto la mtima wosazolowereka
• CT scan kuti muwone ngati calcium yayika muubongo

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikubwezeretsanso calcium ndi mchere m'thupi.

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo zowonjezera calcium calcium ndi vitamini D. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayenera kutengedwa kwa moyo wonse. Magazi amayesedwa pafupipafupi kuti awonetsetse kuti mlingowo ndi wolondola. Chakudya chokhala ndi calcium yayikulu, chotsika kwambiri cha phosphorous chimalimbikitsidwa.

Majekeseni a PTH atha kulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu ena. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni ngati mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa inu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowopsa la kuchepa kwa calcium kapena kupindika kwa nthawi yayitali amapatsidwa calcium kudzera mumtsempha (IV). Chenjezo limatengedwa kuti tipewe kugwidwa kapena kutuluka kwa kholingo. Mtima umayang'aniridwa ndi zovuta zina mpaka munthuyo atakhazikika. Pamene chiopsezo chowopsa chalamulidwa, chithandizo chimapitilira ndi mankhwala akumwa.

Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zabwino ngati matendawa adachitika msanga. Koma kusintha kwa mano, khungu, ndi kuwerengera ubongo sikungasinthidwe mwa ana omwe sanazindikire hypoparathyroidism pakukula.

Hypoparathyroidism mwa ana imatha kubweretsa kukula kosauka, mano osazolowereka, komanso kuchepa kwamaganizidwe.

Mankhwala ochulukirapo okhala ndi vitamini D ndi calcium amatha kuyambitsa calcium yam'magazi ambiri (hypercalcemia) kapena calcium yamkodzo (hypercalciuria). Mankhwala owonjezera nthawi zina amatha kusokoneza ntchito ya impso, kapena kupangitsa impso kulephera.

Hypoparathyroidism imawonjezera chiopsezo cha:

• Matenda a Addison (pokhapokha ngati chifukwa chake chimangokhala chokha)
• Kupunduka
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi (pokhapokha ngati chifukwa chake chimangokhala chokha)

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lililonse la hypoparathyroidism.

Zovuta za khunyu kapena kupuma ndizadzidzidzi. Imbani 911 kapena nambala yachangu yakomweko nthawi yomweyo.

Hypocalcemia yokhudzana ndi parathyroid

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Matenda a Parathyroid

Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT, ndi al. Epidemiology ndikuzindikira kwa hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101 (6): 2284-2299. PMID: 26943720 (Adasankhidwa)

Otsatira LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Kuwongolera kwa zovuta za parathyroid. Mu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngolog: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 123.

Thakker RV.Matenda a parathyroid, hypercalcemia ndi hypocalcemia. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 232.