Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma ndi chotupa chosowa cha minofu ya adrenal gland. Zimabweretsa kutulutsidwa kwa epinephrine ndi norepinephrine wambiri, mahomoni omwe amayendetsa kugunda kwa mtima, kagayidwe kake, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Pheochromocytoma imatha kukhala chotupa chimodzi kapena kukula kopitilira kamodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimamera pakatikati (medulla) imodzi kapena zonsezi. Zotupitsa za adrenal ndizithunzithunzi ziwiri zooneka ngati makona atatu. Gland imodzi ili pamwamba pa impso iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri, pheochromocytoma imachitika kunja kwa adrenal gland. Ikatero, nthawi zambiri imakhala kwinakwake m'mimba.

Ma pheochromocytomas ochepa ali ndi khansa.

Zotupazo zimatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse, koma ndizofala kwambiri kuyambira koyambirira mpaka pakati.

Nthawi zingapo, vutoli limatha kuwonanso pakati pa abale am'banja (cholowa).

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chotupachi amakhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo, zomwe zimachitika chotupacho chimatulutsa mahomoni. Kuukira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa mphindi zochepa mpaka maola. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kupweteka mutu
• Kugunda kwa mtima
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi

Pamene chotupacho chimakula, ziwopsezozi zimachulukirachulukira, kutalika, komanso kuuma.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena pachifuwa
• Kukwiya, manjenje
• Pallor
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kugwidwa
• Mavuto akugona

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Mudzafunsidwa za mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi zizindikiro zake.

Mayeso omwe adachitika atha kukhala:

• M'mimba mwa CT scan
• Chidziwitso cha Adrenal
• Mayeso a magazi a Catecholamines (serum catecholamines)
• Mayeso a shuga
• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa Metanephrine (serum metanephrine)
• Kuyesa kujambula kotchedwa MIBG scintiscan
• MRI yamimba
• Mkodzo katekolamaini
• Mkodzo metanephrines
• PET kuyesa pamimba

Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa chotupacho ndi opaleshoni. Ndikofunikira kuti magazi anu azithamanga kwambiri komanso kuti muthe kugunda ndi mankhwala ena musanachite opareshoni. Mungafunike kukhala mchipatala ndipo zizindikilo zanu zofunika kuziyang'anitsitsa nthawi yakuchita opaleshoni. Pambuyo pa opareshoni, zizindikilo zanu zofunikira zidzayang'aniridwa mosalekeza kuchipinda cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya.

Ngati chotupacho sichingachotsedwe opareshoni, muyenera kumwa mankhwala kuti musamalire. Kuphatikiza apo mankhwala amafunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta za mahomoni owonjezera. Mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy sizinathandize kuchiritsa chotupachi.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi zotupa zopanda khansa zomwe zimachotsedwa ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni akadali ndi moyo atatha zaka 5. Zotupa zimabwereranso mwa anthu ena. Maseŵera a mahomoni norepinephrine ndi epinephrine amabwerera mwakale pambuyo pa opareshoni.

Kupitiliza kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika atachitidwa opaleshoni. Mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zambiri amatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Anthu omwe adalandira chithandizo cha pheochromocytoma ayenera kuyezetsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti awonetsetse kuti chotupacho sichinabwerere. Achibale apafupi atha kupindulanso ndi kuyesa, chifukwa milandu ina idalandiridwa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Khalani ndi zizindikiro za pheochromocytoma, monga kupweteka mutu, thukuta, ndi kupindika
• Munali ndi pheochromocytoma m'mbuyomu ndipo matenda anu amabwerera

Zotupa za Chromaffin; Paraganglionoma

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Adrenal metastases - CT scan
• Chotupa cha Adrenal - CT
• Kutulutsa kwa hormone ya adrenal

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Pheochromocytoma ndi paraganglioma chithandizo (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. Khansa.gov. www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/hp/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#link/_38_toc. Idasinthidwa pa Seputembara 23, 2020. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 14, 2020.

Pacak K, Timmers HJLM, Eisenhofer G. Pheochromocytoma. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 110.

Brigode WM, Miraflor EJ, Palmer BJA. Kuwongolera kwa pheochromocytoma. Mu: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, olemba., Eds. Chithandizo Chamakono Cha Opaleshoni. Wolemba 13. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 750-756.