Matenda a anorexia

Anorexia ndi vuto la kudya lomwe limapangitsa kuti anthu achepetse kunenepa kuposa momwe amawonedwera athanzi msinkhu wawo ndi kutalika kwawo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi mantha akulu onenepa, ngakhale atakhala ochepa. Amatha kudya kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuti achepetse kunenepa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a anorexia sizikudziwika. Pangakhale zifukwa zambiri. Chibadwa ndi mahomoni atha kutengapo gawo. Malingaliro amtundu wa anthu omwe amalimbikitsa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya thupi amathanso kutenga nawo mbali.

Zowopsa za anorexia ndi izi:

• Kukhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri, kapena kumvetsera kwambiri, kulemera ndi mawonekedwe
• Kukhala ndi vuto la nkhawa ndili mwana
• Kukhala ndi chithunzi cholakwika
• Kukhala ndi mavuto akudya kuyambira ukhanda kapena mwana
• Kukhala ndi malingaliro azikhalidwe kapena zikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi thanzi komanso kukongola
• Kuyesera kukhala angwiro kapena kuganizira kwambiri malamulo

Anorexia nthawi zambiri imayamba adakali aang'ono kapena azaka zapakati paunyamata kapena atakula. Amakonda kwambiri akazi, koma amathanso kuwoneka mwa amuna.

Munthu amene ali ndi anorexia nthawi zambiri:

• Ali ndi mantha akulu onenepa kapena onenepa, ngakhale atakhala wonenepa.
• Amakana kulemera pazomwe zimawoneka ngati zachilendo kwa msinkhu wawo ndi kutalika (15% kapena kupitilira kulemera kwachibadwa).
• Ali ndi chithunzi chamthupi chomwe chimasokonekera kwambiri, chimayang'ana kwambiri kulemera kwa thupi kapena mawonekedwe ake, ndipo amakana kuvomereza kuopsa kochepetsa thupi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi anorexia amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chakudya chomwe amadya. Kapenanso amadya kenako nkumadziponyera okha. Makhalidwe ena ndi awa:

• Kudula chakudya tizidutswa tating'ono kapena kusunthira kuzungulira mbale m'malo modya
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ngakhale nyengo ikakhala yoipa, amapweteka, kapena ndandanda yawo yatanganidwa
• Kupita kubafa mukangomaliza kudya
• Kukana kudya pafupi ndi anthu ena
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kuti adzikonzekeretse (mapiritsi amadzi, kapena okodzetsa), khalani ndi matumbo (mankhwala opatsirana ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba), kapena amachepetsa njala yawo (mapiritsi azakudya)

Zizindikiro zina za anorexia zitha kuphatikiza:

• Khungu lakuthwa kapena lachikaso louma komanso lokutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino
• Kusokonezeka kapena kuganiza pang'onopang'ono, komanso kukumbukira bwino kapena kuganiza bwino
• Matenda okhumudwa
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kuzizira kwambiri kuzizira (kuvala zovala zingapo kuti mukhale otentha)
• Kuchepetsa mafupa (kufooka kwa mafupa)
• Kuwononga minofu ndikutayika kwamafuta amthupi

Kuyesedwa kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithandizire kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa thupi, kapena kuwona zomwe kuwonda kwadzetsa. Mayesero ambiriwa adzabwerezedwa pakapita nthawi kuti aunike munthuyo.

Mayesowa atha kuphatikiza:

• Albumin
• Kuyesedwa kwa mafupa kuti muwone ngati pali mafupa ochepa (kufooka kwa mafupa)
• Zamgululi
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Maelekitirodi
• Ntchito ya impso
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Mapuloteni onse
• Mayeso a chithokomiro
• Kupenda kwamadzi

Vuto lalikulu pochiza anorexia nervosa ndikuthandiza munthu kuzindikira kuti ali ndi matenda. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi anorexia amakana kuti ali ndi vuto la kudya. Nthawi zambiri amapita kuchipatala pokhapokha akadwala.

Zolinga zamankhwala ndikubwezeretsanso kunenepa kwa thupi ndi kadyedwe. Kulemera kwa mapaundi 1 mpaka 3 (lb) kapena 0,5 mpaka 1.5 kilogalamu (kg) pa sabata kumawerengedwa kuti ndi cholinga chabwino.

Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana adapangidwa kuti athetse vuto la anorexia. Izi zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kuchulukitsa zochitika
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ndandanda yodyera

Kuyamba, kugona mwachidule kuchipatala kungalimbikitsidwe. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi pulogalamu yothandizira tsiku limodzi.

Kukhala nthawi yayitali kuchipatala kungafunike ngati:

• Munthuyo wataya kunenepa kwambiri (kukhala wochepera 70% ya thupi lawo lokwanira msinkhu ndi kutalika kwake). Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi koopsa komanso kowopsa, munthu angafunike kumudyetsa kudzera mumtsempha kapena m'mimba.
• Kuchepetsa thupi kumapitilira, ngakhale atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala.
• Zovuta zamankhwala, monga mavuto amtima, chisokonezo, kapena potaziyamu ochepa amakula.
• Munthuyo wavutika maganizo kwambiri kapena amaganiza zodzipha.

Othandizira omwe nthawi zambiri amachita nawo mapulogalamuwa ndi awa:

• Ogwira ntchito namwino
• Madokotala
• Othandizira asing'anga
• Odwala
• Opereka chithandizo chamaganizidwe

Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Anthu ndi mabanja awo ayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika. Njira zambiri zochiritsira zimatha kuyesedwa mpaka matendawa atayamba.

Anthu amatha kusiya mapulogalamu ngati ali ndi chiyembekezo chosatheka "kuchiritsidwa" ndi chithandizo chokha.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi anorexia:

• Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe (mtundu wamankhwala olankhula), chithandizo chamagulu, komanso chithandizo chamabanja onse achita bwino.
• Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikusintha malingaliro amunthu kapena machitidwe ake kuti awalimbikitse kudya mwanjira yathanzi. Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri pochiza achinyamata omwe sanakhale ndi anorexia kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Ngati munthuyo ndi wachinyamata, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira banja lonse. Banja limawoneka ngati gawo la yankho, m'malo moyambitsa vuto la kudya.
• Magulu othandizira atha kukhalanso gawo la chithandizo. M'magulu othandizira, odwala komanso mabanja amakumana ndikugawana zomwe adakumana nazo.

Mankhwala monga antidepressants, antipsychotic, ndi ma stabilizers amathandizira anthu ena akapatsidwa ngati gawo la pulogalamu yathunthu yamankhwala. Mankhwalawa amatha kuthandizira kuthana ndi nkhawa kapena nkhawa. Ngakhale mankhwala atha kuthandiza, palibe omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti achepetsa chikhumbo chochepetsa thupi.

Kupsinjika kwa matenda kumatha kuchepetsedwa polowa nawo gulu lothandizira. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Anorexia ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingawononge moyo. Mapulogalamu othandizira amatha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli kuti abwerere kunenepa. Koma si zachilendo kuti matendawa amabwereranso.

Azimayi omwe amadwala matendawa akadali achichepere amakhala ndi mwayi wopezanso bwino. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi anorexia adzapitiliza kukonda kuchepa kwa thupi ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri chakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu.

Kuwongolera kunenepa kumakhala kovuta. Chithandizo chanthawi yayitali chitha kukhala chofunikira kuti mukhale wathanzi.

Anorexia akhoza kukhala owopsa. Zingayambitse matenda aakulu pakapita nthawi, kuphatikizapo:

• Bone kufooka
• Kuchepa kwama cell oyera, komwe kumabweretsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda
• Mulingo wa potaziyamu wochepa m'magazi, womwe ungayambitse mayendedwe owopsa amtima
• Kusowa kwakukulu kwa madzi ndi madzi m'thupi (kusowa madzi m'thupi)
• Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni, mavitamini, mchere, ndi zina zofunikira mthupi (kusowa zakudya m'thupi)
• Kugwidwa chifukwa chakumwa madzi kapena sodium kutuluka m'mimba mobwerezabwereza kapena kusanza
• Mavuto a chithokomiro
• Kuola mano

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati wina amene mumamukonda ali:

• Kuyang'ana kwambiri kulemera
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso
• Kuchepetsa chakudya chomwe amadya
• Woperewera kwambiri

Kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo kumatha kuchepetsa vuto lakudya.

Matenda akadyedwe - anorexia nervosa

• myPlate

Tsamba la American Psychiatric Association. Kudyetsa ndi mavuto azakudya. Mu: American Psychiatric Association. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwa Psychiatric kwa America. 2013; 329-345.

Kreipe RE, TB Yovuta. Mavuto akudya. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 41.

Tsekani J, La Via MC; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Komiti Yokhudza Mavuto Abwino (CQI). Yesetsani kuwerengera ndikuwunika kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya. J Am Acad Mwana Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015; 54 (5): 412-425. PMID 25901778 adasankhidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25901778/.

Matenda a Tanofsky-Kraff M. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 206.

A Thomas JJ, Mickley DW, Derenne JL, Klibanski A, Murray HB, Eddy KT. Zovuta pakudya: kuwunika ndi kuwongolera. Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 37.