Magazi otsika

Magazi otsika a sodium ndimikhalidwe momwe kuchuluka kwa sodium m'magazi kumakhala kotsika kuposa kwachibadwa. Dzina lachipatala la vutoli ndi hyponatremia.

Sodium amapezeka makamaka m'madzi amthupi kunja kwa ma cell. Sodium ndi electrolyte (mchere). Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusungitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.Sodium amafunikanso kuti mitsempha, minofu, ndi ziwalo zina za thupi zizigwira ntchito bwino.

Kuchuluka kwa sodium m'madzi am'madzi akunja kwamaselo kutsika pang'ono, madzi amalowa m'maselo kuti azitha kuyerekeza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo afufume ndi madzi ambiri. Maselo aubongo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutupa, ndipo izi zimayambitsa zizindikilo zambiri za sodium wocheperako.

Ndi magazi otsika a sodium (hyponatremia), kusalinganika kwa madzi ndi sodium kumayambitsidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu:

• Euvolemic hyponatremia - madzi athunthu amawonjezeka, koma kuchuluka kwa sodium m'thupi kumangokhala chimodzimodzi
• Hypervolemic hyponatremia - zonse zomwe zili ndi sodium komanso madzi m'thupi zimawonjezeka, koma phindu lamadzi ndiloposa
• Hypovolemic hyponatremia - madzi ndi sodium zonse zimatayika m'thupi, koma kutayika kwa sodium ndikokulirapo

Magazi otsika amayamba chifukwa cha:

• Kutentha komwe kumakhudza gawo lalikulu la thupi
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Mankhwala okodzetsa (mapiritsi amadzi), omwe amachulukitsa mkodzo komanso kutayika kwa sodium kudzera mkodzo
• Mtima kulephera
• Matenda a impso
• Chiwindi matenda enaake
• Matenda osayenera a antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kusanza

Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• Kusokonezeka, kukwiya, kupumula
• Kugwedezeka
• Kutopa
• Mutu
• Kutaya njala
• Kufooka kwa minofu, kuphulika, kapena kukokana
• Nseru, kusanza

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakufufuza kwathunthu ndikufunsa za matenda anu. Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kudzachitika.

Mayeso a labu omwe angatsimikizire ndikuthandizira kupeza sodium yocheperako ndi awa:

• Magulu amadzimadzi amadzimadzi (kuphatikiza magazi sodium, mulingo woyenera ndi 135 mpaka 145 mEq / L, kapena 135 mpaka 145 mmol / L)
• Kuyesa magazi kwa Osmolality
• Mkodzo osmolality
• Urine sodium (mulingo wabwinobwino ndi 20 mEq / L muzitsanzo zamkodzo, ndi 40 mpaka 220 mEq patsiku loyesa mkodzo wamaora 24)

Zomwe zimayambitsa sodium wocheperako ziyenera kupezeka ndikuchiritsidwa. Ngati khansa ndiyomwe imayambitsa vutoli, ndiye kuti radiation, chemotherapy, kapena opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho imatha kukonza kusalinganika kwa sodium.

Mankhwala ena amatengera mtundu wa hyponatremia.

Chithandizo chitha kukhala:

• Zamadzimadzi kudzera mumtsempha (IV)
• Mankhwala ochepetsa matendawa
• Kuchepetsa kumwa madzi

Zotsatira zimatengera zomwe zikuyambitsa vutoli. Sodium yotsika yomwe imachitika pasanathe maola 48 (pachimake hyponatremia), ndi yoopsa kuposa sodium yocheperako yomwe imayamba pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Mulingo wa sodium ukagwa pang'onopang'ono m'masiku kapena milungu (matenda a hyponatremia), ma cell aubongo amakhala ndi nthawi yosintha komanso kutupa kumatha kukhala kochepa.

Nthawi zovuta, sodium yocheperako imatha kubweretsa ku:

• Kuchepetsa chikumbumtima, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kapena kukomoka
• Kutulutsa ubongo
• Imfa

Mlingo wa sodium wa thupi lanu utatsika kwambiri, ukhoza kukhala pangozi yoopsa. Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za vutoli.

Kuchiza zomwe zikuyambitsa sodium yocheperako kungathandize.

Ngati mumasewera kapena mumachita masewera ena olimbitsa thupi, imwani madzi monga zakumwa zamasewera zomwe zili ndi maelekitirodi kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Hyponatremia; Kuchepetsa hyponatremia; Kuchuluka kwa hyponatremia; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia

Dineen R, Hannon MJ, Thompson CJ. Hyponatremia ndi hypernatremia. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 112.

Zadzidzidzi zazing'ono za Met. Mu: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Achikulire Achikulire. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015: gawo 12.