Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana akuluakulu

Ululu womwe umachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndichofunika kwambiri. Musanachite opareshoni, inu ndi dotolo wanu mwina munakambirana zakumva kuwawa zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera komanso momwe zingathetsere matendawa.

Zinthu zingapo zimatsimikizira kupweteka komwe muli nako komanso momwe mungakwaniritsire:

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maopaleshoni ndi kudula maopareshoni (kutulutsa) kumayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ululu pambuyo pake.
• Kuchita opaleshoni yayitali komanso yowopsa, kuphatikiza pakupweteka kwambiri, kungakutengereni kwambiri. Kuchira pazotsatira zina za opaleshoni kumatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi ululu.
• Munthu aliyense amamva ndikumva kuwawa mosiyanasiyana.

Kulamulira ululu wanu ndikofunikira kuti muchiritse. Kuwongolera koyenera kumafunika kuti muthe kudzuka ndikuyamba kuyendayenda. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa:

• Amachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chamagazi m'miyendo kapena m'mapapu anu, komanso matenda am'mapapo ndi kwamikodzo.
• Mukhala mchipatala mwachidule kuti mupite kunyumba mwachangu, komwe mukachira msanga.
• Simungakhale ndi mavuto opweteka kwanthawi yayitali.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala opweteka. Kutengera ndi opaleshoniyi komanso thanzi lanu lonse, mutha kulandira mankhwala amodzi kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti athetse ululu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ocheperako kuposa omwe amayesetsa kupewa mankhwala opweteka.

Ntchito yanu monga wodwala ndikuuza omwe amakuthandizani pamene mukumva kuwawa komanso ngati mankhwala omwe mumalandira amathandizira kupweteka kwanu.

Mukangochita opareshoni, mutha kulandira mankhwala opweteka m'mitsempha mwanu kudzera mu mzere wa intravenous (IV). Mzerewu umadutsa pampu. Pampuyo yakonzedwa kuti ikupatseni mankhwala enaake opweteka.

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kukankha batani kuti mudzipumitse kupweteka kwambiri pakamafunika. Izi zimatchedwa anesthesia yoyendetsedwa ndi odwala (PCA) chifukwa mumatha kulandira mankhwala owonjezera omwe mumalandira. Zimapangidwa kotero kuti simungathe kudzipereka kwambiri.

Mankhwala opweteka a Epidural amaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu lofewa (catheter). Chubu chimalowetsedwa kumbuyo kwanu kumalo ang'onoang'ono kunja kwa msana. Mankhwala opweteka amatha kukupatsani mosalekeza kapena pang'ono pang'ono kudzera mu chubu.

Mutha kutuluka mu opaleshoni ndi catheter iyi kale. Kapenanso dokotala (anesthesiologist) amalowetsa catheter kumunsi kwanu kumbuyo mutagona chammbali pabedi lachipatala mutatha opaleshoni.

Zowopsa za miliri yamatenda ndizochepa koma zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutaya magazi. Zamadzimadzi amaperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (IV) yothandizira kuti magazi anu azithamanga.
• Mutu, chizungulire, kupuma movutikira, kapena kugwidwa.

Mankhwala opweteka a mankhwala osokoneza bongo (opioid) omwe amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena kuperekedwa ngati kuwombera amatha kupereka mpumulo wokwanira. Mutha kulandira mankhwalawa nthawi yomweyo mukatha opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri, mumalandira ngati simufunikanso mankhwala amiseche kapena kupitilira muyeso.

Njira zomwe mumalandirira mapiritsi kapena kuwombera zimaphatikizapo:

• Pa ndandanda yanthawi zonse, pomwe simuyenera kufunsa
• Pokhapokha mukawafunsa namwino wanu
• Nthawi zina, monga podzuka pabedi kuti muyende panjira yopita kapena kukalandira chithandizo chamankhwala

Mapiritsi ambiri kapena kuwombera kumapereka mpumulo kwa maola 4 kapena 6 kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati mankhwala sangakwanitse kusamalira ululu wanu mokwanira, funsani omwe akukuthandizani za:

• Kulandira mapiritsi kapena kuwombera pafupipafupi
• Kulandira mlingo wamphamvu
• Kusintha mankhwala ena

M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka a opioid, dotolo wanu akhoza kukupatsani acetaminophen (Tylenol) kapena ibuprofen (Advil kapena Motrin) kuti muchepetse ululu. Nthaŵi zambiri, mankhwala opha ululu wa opioid amenewa ndi othandiza mofanana ndi mankhwala ozunguza bongo. Amakuthandizaninso kupewa chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kupweteka kwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni

• Mankhwala opweteka

Benzon HA, Shah RD, Benzon HT. Perioperative nonopioid infusions for postoperative pain management. Mu: Benzon HT, Raja SN, Liu SS, Fishman SM, Cohen SP, olemba. Zofunikira pa Mankhwala Opweteka. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 12.

Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Kusintha Kuwongolera zowawa za pambuyo pa opaleshoni: chitsogozo chazachipatala kuchokera ku American Pain Society, American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, ndi American Society of Anesthesiologists 'Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Kupweteka. 2016; 17 (2): 131-157. PMID: 26827847 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26827847.

Gabriel RA, Swisher MW, Sztain JF, Furnish TJ, Ilfeld BM, Said ET. Njira zodzitetezera kuopioid zopweteka pambuyo povutikira kwa odwala akulu ochita opaleshoni. Katswiri Opin Pharmacother. 2019; 20 (8): 949-961. PMID: 30810425 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30810425. (Adasankhidwa)

Hernandez A, Sherwood ER. Mfundo za anesthesiology, kasamalidwe ka kupweteka, komanso kutengeka. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: Maziko Achilengedwe a Njira Zamakono Zopangira Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 14.

• Pambuyo Opaleshoni