Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis ndi mtundu wa matenda a impso momwe gawo la impso zanu zomwe zimathandizira kusefa zinyalala ndi madzi am'magazi zimawonongeka.

Zosefera za impso zimatchedwa glomerulus. Impso iliyonse imakhala ndi glomeruli masauzande ambiri. Glomeruli amathandizira thupi kuchotsa zinthu zoyipa.

Glomerulonephritis imatha kubwera chifukwa cha zovuta zamthupi. Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli sichidziwika.

Kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli kumapangitsa magazi ndi mapuloteni kutayika mumkodzo.

Vutoli limatha kukula msanga, ndipo ntchito ya impso imatha patatha milungu kapena miyezi ingapo. Izi zimatchedwa glomerulonephritis mwachangu.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi glomerulonephritis osatha alibe mbiri yamatenda a impso.

Zotsatirazi zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha vutoli:

• Matenda amwazi kapena amitsempha
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi zotsekemera za hydrocarbon
• Mbiri ya khansa
• Matenda monga strep matenda, mavairasi, matenda a mtima, kapena abscesses

Zinthu zambiri zimayambitsa kapena zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha glomerulonephritis, kuphatikiza:

• Amyloidosis (matenda omwe puloteni yotchedwa amyloid imakhazikika m'ziwalo ndi minofu)
• Kusokonezeka komwe kumakhudza nembanemba ya glomerular chapansi, gawo la impso lomwe limathandizira kusefa zinyalala ndi madzi owonjezera amwazi
• Matenda amtundu wamagazi, monga vasculitis kapena polyarteritis
• Magawo azigawo za glomerulosclerosis (kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli)
• Matenda a anti-glomerular chapansi nembanemba (vuto lomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagonjetsa glomeruli)
• Matenda a analgesic nephropathy (matenda a impso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ululu, makamaka ma NSAID)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (matenda omwe amaphatikizapo mawanga ofiira pakhungu, kupweteka pamfundo, mavuto am'mimba ndi glomerulonephritis)
• IgA nephropathy (vuto lomwe ma antibodies omwe amatchedwa IgA amakhala mumisempha ya impso)
• Lupus nephritis (vuto la impso la lupus)
• Membranoproliferative GN (mawonekedwe a glomerulonephritis chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies mu impso)

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za glomerulonephritis ndi izi:

• Magazi mu mkodzo (mdima wakuda, dzimbiri, kapena bulauni)
• Mkodzo wa thovu (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo)
• Kutupa (edema) kwa nkhope, maso, akakolo, mapazi, miyendo, kapena pamimba

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizaponso izi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Magazi m'masanzi kapena ndowe
• Chifuwa ndi mpweya wochepa
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kukodza kwambiri
• Malungo
• Kudwala, kutopa, komanso kusowa chilakolako chofuna kudya
• Kuphatikizana kapena minofu
• Kutuluka magazi

Zizindikiro za matenda a impso azitha kukula pakapita nthawi.

Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa impso zimatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono.

Chifukwa chakuti zizindikilo zimatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono, vutoli limatha kupezeka mukakhala ndi vuto loyesa kukodza kwam'mimba mukamayesedwa mwakuthupi kapena poyesa vuto lina.

Zizindikiro za glomerulonephritis zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso

Kufufuza kwa impso kumatsimikizira matendawa.

Pambuyo pake, zizindikilo za matenda amayamba a impso zitha kuwoneka, kuphatikiza:

• Kutupa kwamitsempha (polyneuropathy)
• Zizindikiro zakuchulukirachulukira, kuphatikiza kumveka kwamtima ndi mapapo
• Kutupa (edema)

Kuyerekeza mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• M'mimba mwa CT scan
• Impso ultrasound
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Mitsempha yotchedwa pyelogram (IVP)

Kuyezetsa urinal ndi mayeso ena amkodzo ndi awa:

• Chilolezo cha Creatinine
• Kuyesa mkodzo pansi pa microscope
• Mkodzo okwana mapuloteni
• Uric acid mkodzo
• Mayeso am'mitsempha
• Mkodzo creatinine
• Mkodzo mapuloteni
• Mkodzo RBC
• Mkodzo mphamvu yokoka
• Mkodzo osmolality

Matendawa atha kubweretsanso zotsatira zoyeserera zamagazi zotsatirazi:

• Albumin
• Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody mayeso
• Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
• Ma antibodies a nyukiliya
• BUN ndi creatinine
• Malizitsani milingo

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha vutoli, mtundu ndi kuuma kwa zizindikilo. Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zambiri kumakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala.

Mankhwala omwe angaperekedwe ndi awa:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nthawi zambiri ma angiotensin otembenuza ma enzyme inhibitors ndi angiotensin receptor blockers
• Corticosteroids
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Njira yotchedwa plasmapheresis nthawi zina ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa glomerulonephritis yoyambitsidwa ndi mavuto amthupi. Gawo lamadzi lamagazi lomwe lili ndi ma antibodies limachotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi madzi am'mitsempha kapena plasma yoperekedwa (yomwe ilibe ma antibodies). Kuchotsa ma antibodies kumachepetsa kutupa m'minyewa ya impso.

Muyenera kuchepetsa kudya kwa sodium, madzi, mapuloteni, ndi zinthu zina.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ngati ali ndi vuto la impso. Dialysis kapena kumuika impso pamapeto pake kungafunike.

Nthawi zambiri mutha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa matenda polowa nawo magulu othandizira omwe mamembala amagawana zomwe amakumana nazo ndimavuto.

Glomerulonephritis itha kukhala yosakhalitsa ndikusintha, kapena itha kukulira. Kupita patsogolo kwa glomerulonephritis kumatha kubweretsa ku:

• Kulephera kwa impso
• Kuchepetsa ntchito ya impso
• Matenda omaliza a impso

Ngati muli ndi matenda a nephrotic ndipo amatha kuwongolera, mutha kuwunikanso zina. Ngati sichingathe kuwongoleredwa, mutha kudwala matenda a impso.

Imbani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati:

• Muli ndi vuto lomwe limakulitsa chiopsezo chanu cha glomerulonephritis
• Mumakhala ndi zizindikiro za glomerulonephritis

Matenda ambiri a glomerulonephritis sangathe kupewedwa. Milandu ina imatha kupewedwa popewa kapena kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mankhwala osungunuka, mankhwala a mercury, ndi nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).

Glomerulonephritis - matenda; Matenda nephritis; Matenda a Glomerular; Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - kachigawo kakang'ono; Kachigawo glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis yopita patsogolo mofulumira

• Matenda a impso
• Glomerulus ndi nephron

Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB, D'Agati VD. Matenda achiwiri a glomerular. Mu: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 32.

Reich HN, Cattran DC. Chithandizo cha glomerulonephritis. Mu: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 33.

Saha MK, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ (Adasankhidwa) Matenda oyamba a glomerular. Mu: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 31.