Kukhala ndi kutaya masomphenya

Maso otsika ndikulephera kuwona. Kuvala magalasi wamba kapena kulumikizana sikuthandiza. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losaona adayesapo kale zamankhwala kapena maopareshoni omwe alipo. Ndipo palibe mankhwala ena omwe angathandize. Ngati mwauzidwa kuti simudzakhalanso akhungu kapena mpaka pomwe simungathe kuwona bwino kuti muwerenge, zingakhale zothandiza kuphunzira zilembo za anthu osaona mukadali okhoza kuona.

Anthu omwe ali ndi masomphenya oyipa kuposa 20/200, okhala ndi magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana, amawerengedwa kuti ndi akhungu mwalamulo m'maiko ambiri ku United States. Koma anthu ambiri mgululi ali ndi masomphenya othandiza.

Mukakhala ndi masomphenya ochepa, mutha kukhala ndi vuto loyendetsa galimoto, kuwerenga, kapena kuchita zina zazing'ono monga kusoka ndi ntchito zamanja. Koma mutha kusintha zina ndi zina m'nyumba mwanu komanso machitidwe anu omwe amakuthandizani kukhala otetezeka komanso osadalira. Zina mwa njirazi ndi malusowa zimafunikira masomphenya ena kotero sizingathandize khungu lonse. Ntchito zambiri zimapezeka kuti muphunzitse ndi kuthandizidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pawokha. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndi Braille Institute of America.

Mtundu wazithandizo zochepa ndi malingaliro amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zimadalira mtundu wamasomphenya anu. Zothandizira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera pamavuto osiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yayikulu yakuwonongeka ndi:

• Pakatikati (kuwerenga kapena kuzindikira nkhope mchipinda chonse)
• Zotumphukira (mbali)
• Palibe kuzindikira kowala (NLP), kapena khungu kwathunthu

Wachibale kapena wowona wamba yemwe angafunikire kukuthandizani kukhazikitsa mitundu ina yazowoneka. Zosankha zina ndi izi:

• Okulitsa
• Magalasi owerengera mwamphamvu
• Zipangizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni ndi makompyuta
• Mawotchi opangira masomphenya otsika, kapena mawotchi oyankhula ndi mawotchi
• Magalasi a telescopic omwe angathandize masomphenya patali

Muyenera:

• Wonjezerani kuyatsa konse m'nyumba mwanu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito tebulo kapena nyali yapansi yomwe ili ndi gooseneck kapena mkono wosinthasintha. Onetsani magetsi mwachindunji pazomwe mukuwerenga kapena ntchito.
• Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mababu a incandescent kapena halogen mu nyali kumatha kukupatsani kuwala koyenera, samalani ndi magetsi awa. Amatentha, choncho musagwiritse ntchito pafupi kwambiri ndi inu kwa nthawi yayitali. Chosankha chabwino komanso chowonjezera mphamvu chingakhale mababu a LED ndi nyali. Amapanga zosiyana kwambiri ndipo sizitentha ngati mababu a halogen.
• Chotsani kunyezimira. Kuwala kumatha kuvutitsa munthu amene saona bwino.

Mudzafuna kupanga njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wosavuta ndikuwona pang'ono. Ngati nyumba yanu yakonzedwa kale, mungafunike kusintha pang'ono chabe.

Khalani ndi malo pachilichonse.

• Sungani zinthu pamalo amodzi nthawi zonse. Ikani zinthu mu tebulo lomwelo kapena kabati, kapena patebulo lomwelo kapena malo owerengera.
• Bweretsani zinthu m'malo omwewo nthawi zonse.
• Sungani zinthu mumadontho osiyanasiyana, monga makatoni a dzira, mitsuko, ndi mabokosi a nsapato.

Dziwani bwino zinthu wamba.

• Phunzirani kuzindikira mawonekedwe a zinthu, monga zotengera mazira kapena mabokosi azimanga.
• Gwiritsani ntchito foni yokhala ndi ziwerengero zambiri, ndipo loloweza keypad.
• Pindani mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapepala m'njira ina. Mwachitsanzo, pindani ndalama zokwana madola 10 pakati ndi kuwirikiza $ 20.
• Gwiritsani ntchito Braille kapena macheke akulu osindikiza.

Lembani zinthu zanu.

• Pangani zolemba pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosavuta wa zilembo za akhungu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito madontho ang'onoang'ono, okweza, matayala a labala, Velcro, kapena tepi yachikuda kuti mulembe zinthu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito caulking, mphira wokwezedwa, kapena madontho apulasitiki kuti muwonetse zosintha zina zamagetsi, monga kutentha pazipangizo zotentha ndi kuyika zoikamo pa washer ndi dryer.

Muyenera:

• Chotsani mawaya kapena zingwe pansi.
• Chotsani zoponya zosasunthika.
• Osasunga ziweto zazing'ono mnyumba mwanu.
• Konzani pansi ponse paliponse pakhomo.
• Ikani manja anu m'bafa kapena shawa komanso pafupi ndi chimbudzi.
• Ikani mphasa wosalowamo mu bafa kapena shawa.

Muyenera:

• Gulu zovala zanu. Sungani mathalauza mu gawo limodzi la chipinda ndi malaya mu gawo lina.
• Sungani zovala zanu ndi utoto m'chipinda chanu ndi zotsekera. Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo kapena zikhomo za zovala kuti mulembetse utoto. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo 1 kapena pini ndi yakuda, mfundo ziwiri ndi zoyera, ndipo mfundo zitatu ndi zofiira. Dulani mphete kuchokera pamakatoni. Ikani zilembo za Braille kapena mitundu yake pa mphete za makatoni. Tsegulani mphetezo pa mahang'ala.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mphete za pulasitiki kuti mugwirizane masokosi awiriwa, gwiritsani ntchito izi mukamatsuka, mukamauma, ndikusunga masokosi anu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zikwama zazikulu za Ziploc kuti mulekanitse kabudula wanu wamkati, bras, ndi pantihose.
• Konzani zodzikongoletsera ndi utoto. Gwiritsani ntchito makatoni a dzira kapena bokosi lazodzikongoletsera kuti musankhe zodzikongoletsera.

Muyenera:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mabuku ophika akulu. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena namwino komwe mungapeze mabukuwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito caulking, mphira wokwezedwa, kapena madontho apulasitiki kuti muwonetse zoikika pakuwongolera kwa chitofu chanu, uvuni, ndi toaster.
• Sungani chakudya mumtsuko winawake. Chongani ndi zilembo za akhungu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mphasa wosiyana kwambiri kuti muwone mbale yanu mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, mbale yoyera idzaonekera motsutsana ndi bedi lakuda kapena malo obiriwira obiriwira.

Muyenera:

• Sungani mankhwala omwe ali mgulu la nduna kuti mudziwe komwe ali.
• Lembani mabotolo azachipatala ndi cholembera kuti mumatha kuwawerenga mosavuta.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zamagetsi kapena matayala kuti muwasiyanitse mankhwala anu.
• Funsani wina kuti akupatseni mankhwala anu.
• Werengani zilembo zokhala ndi mandala okukulitsa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito bokosi lamapiritsi lokhala ndi zipinda zama masiku amlungu komanso munthawi yamasana.
• Musaganize kuti mukumwa mankhwala anu. Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungayesere, kambiranani ndi dokotala, namwino, kapena wamankhwala.

Phunzirani kuyendera nokha.

• Phunzitsani kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo yayitali yoyera kuti muthandizire.
• Yesetsani kukhala ndi mphunzitsi yemwe amadziwa bwino ndodo zamtunduwu.

Phunzirani momwe mungayendere ndi chithandizo cha wina.

• Tsatirani mayendedwe a munthu wina.
• Gwirani dzanja la munthuyo mopepuka pamwamba pa chigongono ndikuyenda kumbuyo pang'ono.
• Onetsetsani kuti mayendedwe anu akufanana ndi anzanu.
• Funsani munthuyo kuti akuuzeni pamene mukuyandikira njira kapena njira. Yandikirani masitepe ndi zopindika kutsogolo kuti mutha kuzipeza ndi zala zanu.
• Funsani munthuyo kuti akuuzeni pamene mukudutsa pakhomo.
• Funsani munthuyo kuti akusiyeni pamalo enaake. Pewani kusiyidwa pabwalo.

Matenda a shuga - kutayika kwa masomphenya; Retinopathy - kutaya masomphenya; Masomphenya otsika; Khungu - kutaya masomphenya

American Foundation ya tsamba la Akhungu. Khungu ndi maso otsika - zothandizira kukhala ndi kutaya masomphenya. www.afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision. Idapezeka pa Marichi 11, 2020.

Andrews J. Kukonza malo omwe amakhala okalamba okalamba. Mu: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: mutu 132.

Tsamba la Braille Institute. Njira zowongolera. www.brailleinstitute.org/resource/guide-techniques. Idapezeka pa Marichi 11, 2020.

• Kuwonongeka Masomphenya ndi Akhungu