Myeloma yambiri

Multiple myeloma ndi khansa yamagazi yomwe imayamba m'maselo a plasma m'mafupa. Mafupa a mafupa ndi minofu yofewa, yamphongo yomwe imapezeka mkati mwa mafupa ambiri. Zimathandiza kupanga maselo amwazi.

Maselo a plasma amathandiza thupi lanu kulimbana ndi matenda popanga mapuloteni otchedwa ma antibodies. Ndi ma myeloma angapo, maselo am'magazi amayamba kulamulidwa m'mafupa ndikupanga zotupa m'malo olimba mafupa. Kukula kwa zotupa za mafupa izi kumafooketsa mafupa olimba. Zimapangitsanso kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mafupa apange maselo athanzi ndi ma platelet.

Chifukwa cha myeloma yambiri sichidziwika. Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu chothandizidwa ndi radiation chimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamtunduwu. Multiple myeloma imakhudza kwambiri achikulire.

Multiple myeloma imayambitsa:

• Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira (kuchepa magazi), komwe kumatha kubweretsa kutopa komanso kupuma movutikira
• Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti mutenge matenda
• Kuchuluka kwa ma platelete, omwe angayambitse magazi osadziwika

Maselo a khansa akamakula m'mafupa, mumatha kukhala ndi ululu wa m'mafupa, nthawi zambiri mu nthiti kapena kumbuyo.

Maselo a khansa amatha kufooketsa mafupa. Zotsatira zake:

• Mutha kukhala ndi mafupa osweka (mafupa osweka) chifukwa chochita zinthu zabwinobwino.
• Ngati khansa ikukula m'mafupa a msana, imatha kukanikiza m'mitsempha. Izi zitha kubweretsa kufooka kapena kufooka kwa mikono kapena miyendo.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za matenda anu.

Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuthandizira kuzindikira matendawa. Mayesowa akuphatikizapo:

• Mulingo wa Albumin
• Mulingo wa calcium
• Mapuloteni onse
• Ntchito ya impso
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kutulutsa mawonekedwe
• Zowonjezera nephelometry
• Seramu mapuloteni electrophoresis

Mafupa x-rays, CT scan, kapena MRI atha kuwonetsa kuphulika kapena malo obowoka a mafupa. Ngati wothandizira wanu akukayikira khansa yamtunduwu, kafukufuku wam'mafupa adzachitika.

Kuyesedwa kwa mafupa kumatha kuwonetsa kutayika kwa mafupa.

Ngati mayesero akuwonetsa kuti muli ndi myeloma yambiri, kuyezetsa kwina kudzachitidwa kuti muwone momwe khansara yafalikira. Izi zimatchedwa staging. Kuyika masitepe kumathandizira kuwongolera chithandizo ndikutsata.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ofatsa kapena omwe sakudziwika bwinobwino amawayang'anitsitsa. Anthu ena ali ndi mawonekedwe a myeloma angapo omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono (smoldering myeloma), zomwe zimatenga zaka kuti zizindikiritse.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a myeloma angapo. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kuti ateteze zovuta monga kuphwanya kwa mafupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Thandizo la radiation lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kuchepetsa chotupa chomwe chikukankha pamtsempha.

Kukulitsa mafuta m'mafupa kungalimbikitsidwe:

• Mafupa a autologous bone kapena stem cell transplant amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito maselo amunthu omwe.
• Kuika kwa allogeneic kumagwiritsa ntchito maselo am'maso a wina. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zoopsa zazikulu, koma atha kupereka mwayi wakuchiza.

Inu ndi wothandizira wanu mungafunike kuthana ndi mavuto ena mukamalandira chithandizo, kuphatikizapo:

• Kukhala ndi chemotherapy kunyumba
• Kusamalira ziweto zanu
• Mavuto okhetsa magazi
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kudya zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira
• Kudya mosamala panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Maonekedwe amatengera msinkhu wa munthu komanso gawo la matenda. Nthawi zina, matendawa amapita mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi zina, zimatenga zaka kuti zizindikirazo ziwonekere.

Kawirikawiri, myeloma yambiri imachiritsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa.

Kulephera kwa impso ndizovuta pafupipafupi. Zina zingaphatikizepo:

• Mafupa amathyoka
• Mulingo wambiri wa calcium m'magazi, zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa
• Zowonjezera mwayi wakutenga matenda, makamaka m'mapapu
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi myeloma yambiri ndipo mukudwala, kapena kufooka, kusayenda, kapena kutaya chidwi.

Madzi a m'magazi dyscrasia; Plasma selo myeloma; Zovuta plasmacytoma; Plasmacytoma fupa; Myeloma - angapo

• Kuika mafuta m'mafupa - kutulutsa

• Cryoglobulinemia wazala
• Ma chitetezo amthupi
• Ma antibodies

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. PDQ plasma cell neoplasms (kuphatikiza angapo myeloma) chithandizo. www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 19, 2019. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.

Tsamba la National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Malangizo azachipatala a NCCN mu oncology: angapo myeloma. Mtundu wa 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/myeloma.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa Okutobala 9, 2019. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.

Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A. Multiple myeloma ndi zovuta zina. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 101.