Khansa ya m'mapapo - khungu laling'ono

Khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (SCLC) ndi mtundu wofulumira wa khansa yamapapo. Imafalikira mwachangu kwambiri kuposa khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya SCLC:

• Small cell carcinoma (khansa ya oat cell)
• Pophatikiza cell carcinoma

Ma SCLC ambiri ndi amtundu wa oat cell.

Pafupifupi 15% ya milandu yonse ya khansa yamapapu ndi SCLC. Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono imakonda kufala mwa amuna kuposa akazi.

Pafupifupi milandu yonse ya SCLC imachitika chifukwa cha kusuta ndudu. SCLC ndiyosowa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe sanasutebe.

SCLC ndiye khansa yamapapo yamakani kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimayambira m'machubu zopumira (bronchi) mkatikati mwa chifuwa. Ngakhale ma cell a khansa ndi ochepa, amakula mwachangu kwambiri ndikupanga zotupa zazikulu. Zotupa izi zimakonda kufalikira mwachangu (metastasize) mbali zina za thupi, kuphatikiza ubongo, chiwindi, ndi fupa.

Zizindikiro za SCLC ndizo:

• Sputum wamagazi (phlegm)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Tsokomola
• Kutaya njala
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kutentha

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zitha kuchitika ndi matendawa, makamaka mochedwa, ndi monga:

• Kutupa nkhope
• Malungo
• Kuwopsya kapena kusintha mawu
• Kumeza vuto
• Kufooka

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za mbiri yanu yamankhwala. Mudzafunsidwa ngati mumasuta, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, kuchuluka kwake komanso kwautali wotani.

Mukamamvera pachifuwa chanu ndi stethoscope, woperekayo amatha kumva madzimadzi ozungulira mapapo kapena malo omwe mapapo agwa pang'ono. Zonsezi zitha kutanthauza khansa.

SCLC nthawi zambiri imafalikira mbali zina za thupi lanu nthawi yomwe imapezeka.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kujambula mafupa
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Kujambula kwa MRI
• Kusanthula kwa Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Kuyesa kwa sputum (kuyang'ana khungu la khansa)
• Thoracentesis (kuchotsa madzi kuchokera m'chifuwa mozungulira mapapo)

Nthawi zambiri, chidutswa cha minofu chimachotsedwa m'mapapu anu kapena madera ena kuti mupimidwe ndi microscope. Izi zimatchedwa biopsy. Pali njira zingapo zopangira biopsy:

• Bronchoscopy yophatikizidwa ndi biopsy
• CT scan-yolunjika biopsy singano
• Endoscopic esophageal kapena bronchial ultrasound yokhala ndi biopsy
• Mediastinoscopy yokhala ndi biopsy
• Tsegulani mapapu
• Zosangalatsa kwambiri
• Makina othandizira thoracoscopy

Kawirikawiri, ngati biopsy iwonetsa khansa, kumayesedwa kwambiri kuti azindikire gawo la khansa. Gawo limatanthauza kukula kwa chotupacho komanso momwe chinafalikira. SCLC imagawidwa ngati:

• Ochepera - Khansa imangokhala pachifuwa ndipo imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a radiation.
• Zowonjezera - Khansa yafalikira kunja kwa dera lomwe lingakhudzidwe ndi radiation.

Chifukwa SCLC imafalikira mwachangu mthupi lonse, chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo mankhwala opha khansa (chemotherapy), omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (ya IV).

Chithandizo cha chemotherapy ndi radiation chingachitike kwa anthu omwe ali ndi SCLC yomwe yafalikira mthupi lonse (nthawi zambiri). Pachifukwa ichi, chithandizochi chimangothandiza kuthana ndi matenda komanso kutalikitsa moyo, koma sichiritsa matendawa.

Thandizo la radiation lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chemotherapy ngati opaleshoni singatheke. Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa.

Magetsi angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Chitani khansa, komanso chemotherapy, ngati opaleshoni siyotheka.
• Thandizani kuthetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa, monga kupuma komanso kutupa.
• Thandizani kuthetsa ululu wa khansa khansa ikafalikira m'mafupa.

Nthawi zambiri, SCLC imatha kufalikira kale kuubongo. Izi zitha kuchitika ngakhale palibe zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zina za khansa muubongo. Zotsatira zake, anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa yaying'ono, kapena omwe adayankha bwino kumapeto koyamba kwa chemotherapy, atha kulandira chithandizo chama radiation kuubongo. Mankhwalawa amachitika pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa khansa kuubongo.

Opaleshoni imathandiza anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi SCLC chifukwa matendawa amakhala akufalikira nthawi yomwe amapezeka. Opaleshoni imatha kuchitidwa ngati pali chotupa chimodzi chokha chomwe sichinafalikire. Ngati opaleshoni yachitika, chemotherapy kapena radiation radiation ikufunikirabe.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Momwe mumachitira bwino zimadalira kuchuluka kwa khansa yamapapo yafalikira. SCLC ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Osati anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yamtunduwu akadali ndi moyo zaka 5 atazindikira.

Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimatalikitsa moyo kwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12, ngakhale khansa ikafalikira.

Nthawi zambiri, ngati SCLC yapezeka msanga, chithandizo chitha kupangitsa kuchira kwanthawi yayitali.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za khansa yamapapo, makamaka mukasuta.

Ngati mumasuta, ino ndiyo nthawi yoti musiye. Ngati mukuvutika kusiya, lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani. Pali njira zambiri zokuthandizirani kusiya, kuyambira magulu othandizira mpaka mankhwala akuchipatala. Komanso yesetsani kupewa kusuta fodya.

Ngati mumasuta kapena mumakonda kusuta, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi wokhudza kukayezetsa khansa ya m'mapapo. Kuti muwunikidwe, muyenera kukhala ndi CT pachifuwa.

Khansa - mapapo - khungu laling'ono; Khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo; SCLC

• Chemotherapy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Chest radiation - kumaliseche
• Opaleshoni m'mapapo - kumaliseche
• Thandizo la radiation - mafunso omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Bronchoscopy
• Mapapo
• Khansa ya m'mapapo - chifuwa chotsatira x-ray
• Khansa ya m'mapapo - x-ray yapachifuwa chakutsogolo
• Adenocarcinoma - x-ray pachifuwa
• Khansa ya bronchial - CT scan
• Khansa ya bronchial - x-ray pachifuwa
• Mapapo ndi khansa ya squamous cell - CT scan
• Khansa ya m'mapapo - mankhwala a chemotherapy
• Adenocarcinoma
• Selo yaying'ono ya carcinoma
• Small cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Utsi wosuta ndi khansa ya m'mapapo
• Mapapu abwinobwino ndi alveoli
• Dongosolo kupuma
• Zoopsa zosuta
• Bronchoscope

Araujo LH, Horn L, Merritt RE, Shilo K, Xu-Welliver M, Carbone DP. Khansa yam'mapapo: khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono komanso khansa yaying'ono yamapapu. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 69.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mapapo (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 1, 2019. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 5, 2019.

Tsamba la National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Malangizo azachipatala a NCCN mu oncology: khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo. Mtundu wa 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sclc.pdf. Idasinthidwa Novembala 15, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 8, 2020.

Silvestri GA, Pastis NJ, Tanner NT, Jett JR. Matenda a khansa yamapapu. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 53.