Thalassemia

Thalassemia ndimatenda amwazi omwe amapitilira m'mabanja (obadwa nawo) momwe thupi limapangira mawonekedwe osazolowereka kapena kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin. Hemoglobin ndi mapuloteni m'maselo ofiira amwazi omwe amanyamula mpweya. Matendawa amachititsa kuti maselo ofiira ambiri awonongeke, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi.

Hemoglobin amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni awiri:

• Alpha globin
• Gulobini wa beta

Thalassemia imachitika pakakhala vuto mu jini lomwe limathandizira kuwongolera kupanga imodzi mwa mapuloteniwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya thalassemia:

• Alpha thalassemia imachitika pamene jini kapena majini okhudzana ndi mapuloteni a alpha globin akusowa kapena asinthidwa (asinthidwa).
• Beta thalassemia imachitika pamene zolakwika zofananira zamtunduwu zimakhudza kupanga protein ya beta globin.

Alpha thalassemias amapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu ochokera ku Southeast Asia, Middle East, China, komanso ochokera ku Africa.

Beta thalassemias amapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu ochokera ku Mediterranean. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, Chinese, Asia ena, ndi African American atha kukhudzidwa.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya thalassemia. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ma subtypes osiyanasiyana. Alpha ndi beta thalassemia ali ndi mitundu iwiri yotsatirayi:

• Thalassemia wamkulu
• Thalassemia yaying'ono

Muyenera kulandira cholowa chamtunduwu kuchokera kwa makolo onse kuti mupange thalassemia yayikulu.

Thalassemia yaing'ono imachitika mukalandira cholakwika kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, samakhala ndi zizindikilo.

Beta thalassemia wamkulu amatchedwanso Cooley anemia.

Zowopsa za thalassemia ndizo:

• Anthu aku Asia, China, Mediterranean, kapena African American
• Mbiri ya banja la vutoli

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya alpha thalassemia imayambitsa kubadwa kwa mwana (kufa kwa mwana wosabadwa pobadwa kapena kumapeto kwa mimba).

Ana obadwa ndi beta thalassemia major (Cooley anemia) amabadwa bwino, koma amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mchaka choyamba cha moyo.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kufooka kwa mafupa kumaso
• Kutopa
• Kukula kulephera
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Khungu lachikaso (jaundice)

Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wochepa wa alpha ndi beta thalassemia ali ndi maselo ofiira ang'onoang'ono koma alibe zizindikiro.

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala wanu adzayezetsa thupi kuti ayang'ane nthenda yowonjezera.

Sampuli yamagazi idzatumizidwa ku labotale kukayesedwa.

• Maselo ofiira ofiira amawoneka ochepa komanso owoneka bwino akamayang'aniridwa ndi microscope.
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kumawulula kuchepa kwa magazi.
• Chiyeso chotchedwa hemoglobin electrophoresis chikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa mtundu wodabwitsa wa hemoglobin.
• Chiyeso chotchedwa mutational analysis chingathandize kuzindikira alpha thalassemia.

Chithandizo cha thalassemia chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuthiridwa magazi nthawi zonse komanso zowonjezera ma folate.

Ngati mulandila magazi, simuyenera kumwa zowonjezera mavitamini. Kuchita izi kungapangitse kuti chitsulo chikhale chochuluka mthupi, chomwe chitha kukhala chowononga.

Anthu omwe amalandira magazi ambiri amafunikira chithandizo chotchedwa chelation therapy. Izi zachitika kuchotsa chitsulo chowonjezera m'thupi.

Kuika mafupa kumathandiza kuthandizira matendawa kwa anthu ena, makamaka ana.

Kuchuluka kwa thalassemia kumatha kuyambitsa kufa msanga (pakati pa zaka 20 ndi 30) chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima. Kulandila magazi pafupipafupi ndi chithandizo chotsitsa chitsulo mthupi kumathandizira kusintha.

Mitundu yocheperako ya thalassemia nthawi zambiri siyifupikitsa moyo.

Mungafune kufunsira upangiri wa majini ngati muli ndi mbiri yabanja ndipo mukuganiza zokhala ndi ana.

Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, thalassemia yayikulu imayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima komanso mavuto a chiwindi. Zimapangitsanso kuti munthu akhale ndi mwayi wopeza matenda.

Kuikidwa magazi kumatha kuthandizira kuwongolera zizindikilo zina, koma kumakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa kuchokera ku iron yambiri.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro za thalassemia.
• Mukuchiritsidwa matendawa ndipo zizindikiro zatsopano zimayamba.

Kuchepa magazi Mediterranean; Kuchepa magazi; Beta thalassemia; Alpha thalassemia

• Thalassemia wamkulu
• Thalassemia yaying'ono

Cappellini MD. Ma thalassemias. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 153.

Chapin J, Giardina PJ. Magulu a Thalassemia. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba. Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 40.

Smith-Whitley K, Kwiatkowski JL. Ma hemoglobinopathies. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 489.