Botulism

Botulism ndi matenda osowa koma owopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Clostridium botulinum mabakiteriya. Mabakiteriya amatha kulowa mthupi kudzera m'mabala, kapena kuwadyera kuchokera pachakudya chosamangidwa ndi zamzitini kapena chosungidwa.

Clostridium botulinum imapezeka m'nthaka ndi m'madzi osatetezedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Zimapanga tinthu tina tomwe timapulumuka m'zakudya zosasungidwa bwino kapena zamzitini, pomwe zimapanga poizoni.Mukamadya, ngakhale pang'ono chabe poizoni uyu amatha kuyambitsa chiphe choopsa. Zakudya zomwe zitha kuyipitsidwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zanyumba, yophika nkhumba ndi nyama, nsomba yosuta kapena yaiwisi, ndi uchi kapena manyuchi a chimanga, mbatata zophika zophikidwa mu zojambulazo, madzi a karoti, ndi adyo wodulidwa mumafuta.

Botulism ya khanda imachitika mwana akamadya ma spores ndipo mabakiteriya amakula m'mimba mwa mwana. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha botulism ya makanda ndikudya uchi kapena madzi a chimanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzikongoletsera zomwe zaphimbidwa ndi uchi wowonongeka.

Clostridium botulinum amatha kupezeka mwanjira ina ya makanda. Makanda amakhala ndi botulism pamene mabakiteriya amakula m'matumbo awo.

Botulism imathanso kupezeka ngati mabakiteriya alowa m'mabala otseguka ndikupanga poizoni pamenepo.

Pafupifupi milandu 110 ya botulism imachitika ku United States chaka chilichonse. Milandu yambiri ili m'makanda.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawoneka maola 8 mpaka 36 mutadya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi poizoni. Palibe malungo ndi matendawa.

Kwa akulu, zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kupuma kovuta komwe kumatha kubweretsa kulephera kwa kupuma
• Zovuta kumeza ndikuyankhula
• Masomphenya awiri
• Nseru
• Kusanza
• Kufooka ndi kufooka (kofanana mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi)

Zizindikiro mwa makanda zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kudzimbidwa
• Kutsetsereka
• Kudyetsa kosauka ndi kuyamwa kofooka
• Mavuto a kupuma
• Kulira kofooka
• Kufooka, kutayika kwa minofu

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro za:

• Kulibe kapena kuchepa kwamaganizidwe akuya a tendon
• Kulibe kapena kuchepa kwa gag reflex
• Eyelid akugwera
• Kutayika kwa minofu, kuyambira pamwamba pa thupi ndikusunthira pansi
• Matenda olumala
• Kuwonongeka kwamalankhulidwe
• Kusunga mkodzo polephera kukodza
• Masomphenya olakwika
• Palibe malungo

Mayeso amwazi amatha kuchitika kuti azindikire poizoni. Chikhalidwe chopondapo amathanso kuyitanidwa. Mayeso a labu atha kuchitidwa pa chakudya chomwe mukuchiganizira kuti mutsimikizire botulism.

Mufunika mankhwala kuti mulimbane ndi poizoni wopangidwa ndi bakiteriya. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa botulinus antitoxin.

Muyenera kukhala mchipatala ngati mukuvutika kupuma. Chitoliro chitha kulowetsedwa kudzera pamphuno kapena pakamwa pa cholumikizira mphepo kuti ipangitse mpweya wampweya. Mungafunike makina opumira.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto kumeza amatha kupatsidwa madzi kudzera mumitsempha (ya IV). Phukusi lodyetsera limatha kulowetsedwa.

Operekera malowa ayenera kuuza akuluakulu azaumoyo ku United States kapena ku US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention za anthu omwe ali ndi botulism, kuti chakudya chodetsa chiwoneke m'masitolo.

Anthu ena amapatsidwa maantibayotiki, koma mwina sangathandize nthawi zonse.

Chithandizo mwamsanga chimachepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa.

Mavuto azaumoyo omwe angabwere chifukwa cha botulism ndi awa:

• Mpweya chibayo ndi matenda
• Kufooka kosatha
• Mavuto amachitidwe mpaka chaka chimodzi
• Mavuto a kupuma

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati mukuganiza kuti botulism.

MUSAMAPATSE uchi kapena madzi a chimanga kwa makanda ochepera chaka chimodzi - osangomva kukoma pang'ono pachikhatho.

Pewani botulism ya khanda poyamwitsa kokha, ngati zingatheke.

Nthawi zonse ponyani zitini zotupa kapena zakudya zonunkhira zotetezedwa. Kutseketsa zakudya zamzitini ndi kukakamiza kuphika pa 250 ° F (121 ° C) kwa mphindi 30 kungachepetse chiopsezo cha botulism. Pitani patsamba la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kuti mumve zambiri zachitetezo chazitini kunyumba www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/home-canning-and-botulism.html.

Sungani mbatata zophikidwa ndi zojambulazo zotentha kapena mufiriji, osati kutentha. Mafuta okhala ndi adyo kapena zitsamba zina amayeneranso kukhala mufiriji monganso madzi a karoti. Onetsetsani kuti mwakhazikitsa kutentha kwa firiji pa 50 ° F (10 ° C) kapena kutsika.

Botulism ya ana

• Mabakiteriya

Birch TB, Bleck TP. Botulism (Clostridium botulinum). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 245.

Norton LE, Schleiss MR. Botulism (Clostridium botulinum). Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 237.