Meningitis

Meningitis ndi matenda amimbidwe yophimba ubongo ndi msana. Chophimba ichi chimatchedwa meninges.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a meningitis ndi matenda opatsirana. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amachira popanda mankhwala. Koma, bakiteriya meningitis matenda ndiwopsa kwambiri. Zitha kubweretsa imfa kapena kuwonongeka kwaubongo, ngakhale atachiritsidwa.

Matenda a meningitis amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Kupsa mtima kwa mankhwala
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Bowa
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
• Zotupa

Mitundu yambiri ya mavairasi imatha kuyambitsa matenda a meningitis:

• Enteroviruses: Awa ndi ma virus omwe amathanso kuyambitsa matenda am'mimba.
• Mavairasi a Herpes: Awa ndi ma virus omwewo omwe amatha kuyambitsa zilonda zoziziritsa ndi ziwalo zoberekera. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda zozizira kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana alibe mwayi wambiri wodwala matenda a herpes meningitis.
• Ziphuphu ndi mavairasi a HIV.
• Kachilombo ka West Nile: Kachilomboka kamafalikira ndi kulumidwa ndi udzudzu ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda a meningitis ku United States ambiri.

Enteroviral meningitis imachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa bakiteriya meningitis ndipo ndiyowonda. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambirira kugwa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ana ndi akulu osakwana zaka 30. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga:

• Mutu
• Kuzindikira kuwala (photophobia)
• Kutentha pang'ono
• Kukhumudwa m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba
• Kutopa

Bakiteriya meningitis ndizadzidzidzi. Mufunika chithandizo mwachangu kuchipatala. Zizindikiro zimabwera mwachangu, ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Maganizo amasintha
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kumvetsetsa kuunika
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• Khosi lolimba

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi matendawa:

• Kusokonezeka
• Kukula kwazithunzi m'makanda
• Kuchepetsa kuchepa
• Kudyetsa osauka kapena kukwiya kwa ana
• Kupuma mofulumira
• Kukhazikika kosazolowereka, mutu ndi khosi zitabwerera m'mbuyo (opisthotonos)

Simungadziwe ngati muli ndi meningitis ya bakiteriya kapena mavairasi momwe mumamvera. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayenera kudziwa chifukwa chake. Pitani ku dipatimenti yazadzidzidzi kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro za meninjaitisi.

Wopereka wanu adzakuyesani. Izi zitha kuwonetsa:

• Kuthamanga kwa mtima
• Malungo
• Maganizo amasintha
• Khosi lolimba

Ngati wothandizirayo akuganiza kuti muli ndi meningitis, kuponyedwa kwa lumbar (tapu ya msana) kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti muchotse mtundu wa msana wam'mimba (cerebrospinal fluid, kapena CSF) kuti mukayesedwe.

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu

Maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa. Maantibayotiki samachiza matenda oumitsa khosi. Koma mankhwala opha ma virus amatha kuperekedwa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi herpes meningitis.

Mankhwala ena adzaphatikizira:

• Zamadzimadzi kudzera mumtsempha (IV)
• Mankhwala ochizira matenda, monga kutupa kwa ubongo, mantha, ndi khunyu

Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo cha bakiteriya meningitis ndikofunikira popewa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha kosatha. Matenda a m'mimba nthawi zambiri samakhala ovuta, ndipo zizindikilo zimayenera kutha pakadutsa milungu iwiri osakhala ndi zovuta zina.

Popanda chithandizo mwachangu, meningitis itha kubweretsa zotsatirazi:

• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi pakati pa chigaza ndi ubongo (subdural effusion)
• Kutaya kwakumva
• Kupanga kwamadzimadzi mkati mwa chigaza komwe kumatsogolera kukutupa kwa ubongo (hydrocephalus)
• Kugwidwa
• Imfa

Ngati mukuganiza kuti inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro za meninjaitisi, pitani kuchipatala mwachangu. Kuchiza mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino.

Katemera wina amatha kuthandiza kupewa mitundu ina ya bakiteriya meningitis:

• Katemera wa Haemophilus (katemera wa HiB) woperekedwa kwa ana amathandiza
• Katemera wa Pneumococcal amaperekedwa kwa ana ndi akulu
• Katemera wa meningococcal amaperekedwa kwa ana ndi akulu; Madera ena amakhala ndi makampeni katemera akayambukira meningococcal meningitis.

Am'banja ndi ena omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi meningococcal meningitis ayenera kulandira maantibayotiki kuti apewe kutenga kachilombo.

Meninjaitisi - bakiteriya; Meninjaitisi - tizilombo; Meninjaitisi - mafangasi; Meningitis - katemera

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - kutulutsa

• Chizindikiro cha Brudzinski cha meningitis
• Chizindikiro cha Kernig cha meningitis
• Lumbar kuboola (tapampopi)
• Matenda aubongo
• Matenda a msana
• Haemophilus influenzae chamoyo

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Pachimake meninjaitisi. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 87.

Nath A. Meningitis: bakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi zina. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 384.