Kusokonezeka maganizo

Dementia ndikutaya kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika ndi matenda ena. Zimakhudza kukumbukira, kuganiza, chilankhulo, kuweruza, komanso machitidwe.

Dementia nthawi zambiri imachitika ukalamba. Mitundu yambiri ndiyosowa mwa anthu ochepera zaka 60. Chiwopsezo chodwala matenda amisala chimakula munthu akamakalamba.

Mitundu yambiri yamatenda am'maganizo siyimasinthika (yotayika). Zosasinthika zikutanthauza kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumayambitsa matendawa kungathe kuyimitsidwa kapena kubwereranso.Matenda a Alzheimer ndiye mtundu wambiri wamatenda amisala.

Mtundu wina wofala wa dementia ndimatenda a mtima. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusayenda bwino kwa magazi kupita kuubongo, monga stroke.

Matenda a Lewy ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu achikulire azidwala matendawa. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali ndi mapuloteni achilendo m'malo ena aubongo.

Matenda otsatirawa amathanso kuyambitsa matenda amisala:

• Matenda a Huntington
• Kuvulala kwa ubongo
• Multiple sclerosis
• Matenda monga HIV / AIDS, chindoko, ndi matenda a Lyme
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Sankhani matenda
• Kupita patsogolo kwa supranuclear palsy

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala zitha kuyimitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa ngati zingapezeke posachedwa, kuphatikiza:

• Kuvulala kwa ubongo
• Zotupa zamaubongo
• Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kwanthawi yayitali
• Kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, sodium, ndi calcium (dementia chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya)
• Mulingo wochepa wa vitamini B12
• Kupanikizika kwapadera hydrocephalus
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, kuphatikiza cimetidine ndi mankhwala ena a cholesterol
• Matenda ena amubongo

Zizindikiro za dementia zimaphatikizaponso zovuta m'malo ambiri amisala, kuphatikiza:

• Khalidwe kapena malingaliro
• Chilankhulo
• Kukumbukira
• Kuzindikira
• Kulingalira ndi kuweruza (maluso ozindikira)

Dementia nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati kuyiwala.

Kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa kuzindikira (MCI) ndiye gawo pakati pa kuiwalako zabwinobwino chifukwa cha ukalamba komanso kukula kwa matenda amisala. Anthu omwe ali ndi MCI ali ndi mavuto ocheperako pakuganiza komanso kukumbukira zomwe sizimasokoneza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri amadziwa zakuiwala kwawo. Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi MCI amadwala matenda amisala.

Zizindikiro za MCI ndizo:

• Zovuta kuchita ntchito imodzi kamodzi
• Zovuta kuthetsa mavuto kapena kupanga zisankho
• Kuiwala mayina a anthu odziwika bwino, zochitika zaposachedwa, kapena zokambirana
• Kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti muchite zovuta zamaganizidwe

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za dementia zitha kuphatikiza:

• Zovuta ndi ntchito zomwe zimaganizira, koma zomwe zimabwera mosavuta, monga kusanja cheke, kusewera masewera (monga mlatho), ndikuphunzira zatsopano kapena zochita zina
• Kutayika panjira zodziwika bwino
• Mavuto azilankhulo, monga zovuta ndi mayina azinthu zodziwika bwino
• Kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe kale zimakondwera, kusakhazikika
• Kuyika zinthu molakwika
• Kusintha kwa umunthu ndikusowa maluso ochezera, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa machitidwe osayenera
• Kusintha kwa zinthu kumabweretsa machitidwe achiwawa
• Kusagwira bwino ntchito
  

Dementia ikayamba kukula, zizindikilo zimawonekera kwambiri ndipo zimasokoneza kutha kudzisamalira. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Sinthani magonedwe, nthawi zambiri amadzuka usiku
• Zovuta ndi ntchito zofunika, monga kuphika chakudya, kusankha zovala zoyenera, kapena kuyendetsa galimoto
• Kuyiwala zambiri zazomwe zachitika
• Kuyiwala zochitika m'mbiri ya moyo wa munthu, kutaya kudzizindikira
• Kukhala ndi ziyerekezo, zokangana, kunyanyala, komanso zachiwawa
• Kukhala ndi zonyenga, kukhumudwa, komanso kusokonezeka
• Zovuta zambiri kuwerenga kapena kulemba
• Kusazindikira bwino ndikulephera kuzindikira zoopsa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu olakwika, osatchula mawu molondola, kuyankhula m'mawu osokoneza
• Kuchokera pamacheza

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala sangathenso:

• Chitani zinthu zofunika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku, monga kudya, kuvala, ndi kusamba
• Dziwani anthu apabanja lanu
• Mvetsetsani chilankhulo

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatha kupezeka ndi matenda amisala:

• Mavuto owongolera matumbo kapena mkodzo
• Kumeza mavuto

Wopereka chithandizo waluso amatha kuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto la misala pogwiritsa ntchito izi:

• Kuyezetsa kwathunthu, kuphatikiza mayeso amanjenje
• Kufunsa za mbiri yakale ya zamankhwala ndi zisonyezo zake
• Kuyesa kwamaganizidwe (kuyezetsa magazi)

Mayesero ena atha kulamulidwa kuti apeze ngati mavuto ena atha kuyambitsa matenda amisala kapena kukulitsa. Izi ndi monga:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Chotupa chaubongo
• Matenda a nthawi yayitali
• Kuledzera ndi mankhwala
• Kukhumudwa kwakukulu
• Matenda a chithokomiro
• Kulephera kwa vitamini

Mayesero ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika:

• Mulingo wa B12
• Mulingo wa ammonia wamagazi
• Magazi amadzimadzi (chem-20)
• Kusanthula mpweya wamagazi
• Kusanthula kwa Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Mulingo wamankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa (chithunzi cha toxicology)
• Electroencephalograph (EEG)
• Mutu CT
• Kuyesedwa kwamalingaliro
• MRI ya mutu
• Kuyesedwa kwa chithokomiro, kuphatikiza chithokomiro cholimbikitsa mahomoni (TSH)
• Mlingo wa mahomoni olimbikitsa chithokomiro
• Kupenda kwamadzi

Chithandizo chimadalira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Anthu ena angafunike kukhala mchipatala kwakanthawi kochepa.

Nthawi zina, mankhwala amisala angapangitse kusokonezeka kwa munthu kukulirakulira. Kuyimitsa kapena kusintha mankhwalawa ndi njira imodzi yothandizira.

Zochita zina zamaganizidwe zimatha kuthandiza ndi matenda amisala.

Kuchiza zinthu zomwe zingayambitse chisokonezo nthawi zambiri kumawongolera magwiridwe antchito am'mutu. Zinthu monga:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kuchepetsa magazi oxygen (hypoxia)
• Matenda okhumudwa
• Mtima kulephera
• Matenda
• Matenda a zakudya
• Matenda a chithokomiro

Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Pang'onopang'ono kuchepa kwa zizindikilo, ngakhale kusintha ndi mankhwalawa kumatha kukhala kochepa
• Sinthani mavuto ndi machitidwe, monga kutaya chiweruzo kapena kusokonezeka

Wina wodwala matenda amisala adzafunika kuthandizidwa pakhomo matendawa akukulira. Achibale kapena othandizira ena atha kumuthandiza mwa kumuthandiza kuti athane ndi kuiwalaiwala komanso machitidwe ake komanso mavuto ogona. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nyumba za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a misala ndi otetezeka kwa iwo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi MCI samakhala ndi matenda amisala nthawi zonse. Matenda a dementia akachitika, nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Matenda a dementia nthawi zambiri amachepetsa moyo komanso kutalika kwa moyo. Mabanja angafunikire kukonzekera za chisamaliro chamtsogolo cha wokondedwa wawo.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Dementia imayamba kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamalingaliro kumachitika
• Mkhalidwe wa munthu wodwala matenda amisala umaipiraipira
• Simungathe kusamalira munthu wodwala matenda amisala kunyumba

Zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala sizitetezedwa.

Kuopsa kwa matenda a dementia m'mitsempha kumatha kuchepetsedwa poletsa kukwapula kudzera:

• Kudya zakudya zabwino
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kusiya kusuta
• Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kusamalira matenda ashuga

Matenda aubongo; Kusokonezeka kwa thupi kwa Lewy; DLB; Matenda a dementia; Kuwonongeka kofatsa kwamalingaliro; MCI

• Kuyankhulana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia
• Kuyankhulana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi dysarthria
• Dementia ndikuyendetsa
• Dementia - machitidwe ndi mavuto ogona
• Dementia - chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku
• Dementia - kukhala otetezeka m'nyumba
• Dementia - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kudya ma calories owonjezera mukamadwala - akuluakulu
• Kupewa kugwa

• Ubongo
• Mitsempha ya ubongo

Knopman DS. Kuwonongeka kwazindikiritso ndi zovuta zina. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 374.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda ena amisala. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 95.

A Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, ndi al. Chidule cha malangizo otsogolera: kuwonongeka pang'ono kuzindikira: lipoti la Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee ya American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018; 90 (3): 126-135. PMID: 29282327 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29282327.