Matenda a mtima

Matenda a dementia amatayika pang'onopang'ono ndipo satha ubongo. Izi zimachitika ndi matenda ena. Zimakhudza kukumbukira, kuganiza, chilankhulo, kuweruza, komanso machitidwe.

Matenda a m'mitsempha amayamba chifukwa cha zikwapu zazing'ono zingapo kwakanthawi.

Matenda a dementia ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda a dementia pambuyo pa matenda a Alzheimer mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65.

Matenda a m'mitsempha amayamba chifukwa cha zikwapu zazing'ono zingapo.

• Sitiroko ndi kusokoneza kapena kutseka kwa magazi kumalo aliwonse aubongo. Sitiroko imatchedwanso infarct. Multi-infarct zikutanthauza kuti malo opitilira muubongo adavulala chifukwa chakusowa magazi.
• Ngati magazi amayimitsidwa kwakanthawi kuposa masekondi ochepa, ubongo sungapeze mpweya. Maselo aubongo amatha kufa, kuwonongeka kosatha.
• Zikwapu zikakhudza dera laling'ono, sipangakhale zizindikiro. Izi zimatchedwa zikwapu zopanda phokoso. Popita nthawi, madera ambiri aubongo awonongeka, zizindikilo za matenda amisala zimawonekera.
• Sikuti zikwapu zonse zimakhala chete. Zikwapu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu, kutengeka, kapena ubongo wina ndi machitidwe amanjenje (neurologic) amathanso kuyambitsa matenda amisala.

Zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia ndi awa:

• Matenda a shuga
• Kuuma kwa mitsempha (atherosclerosis), matenda amtima
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa)
• Kusuta
• Sitiroko

Zizindikiro za dementia amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta zina zamubongo. Imodzi mwamatendawa ndi matenda a Alzheimer. Zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer zitha kukhala zofananira ndi matenda amisala. Matenda a dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia, ndipo zimatha kuchitika limodzi.

Zizindikiro za matenda a dementia zam'mimba zimatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono kapena kumapita patsogolo pakangodutsa pang'ono.

Zizindikiro zimayamba mwadzidzidzi pakadwala. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia amatha kusintha kwakanthawi, koma amachepetsa atangokhalira kudwala. Zizindikiro za matenda a dementia zimadalira madera aubongo omwe avulala chifukwa cha sitiroko.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za dementia zitha kuphatikiza:

• Zovuta kuchita ntchito zomwe zimabwera mosavuta, monga kusanja cheke, kusewera masewera (monga mlatho), ndikuphunzira zatsopano kapena zochita zina
• Kutayika panjira zodziwika bwino
• Mavuto azilankhulo, monga zovuta kupeza dzina lazinthu zodziwika bwino
• Kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe kale mumakonda, kusakhazikika
• Kuyika zinthu molakwika
• Kusintha kwa umunthu ndi kutaya maluso ochezera komanso kusintha kwamakhalidwe

Dementia ikamakulirakulira, zizindikiro zimawonekera kwambiri ndipo kutha kudzisamalira kumachepa. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Sinthani magonedwe, nthawi zambiri amadzuka usiku
• Zovuta kuchita ntchito zofunika, monga kuphika chakudya, kusankha zovala zoyenera, kapena kuyendetsa galimoto
• Kuyiwala zambiri zazomwe zachitika
• Kuyiwala zochitika m'mbiri ya moyo wanu, kutaya kuzindikira kuti ndinu ndani
• Kukhala ndi zinyengo, kukhumudwa, kapena kukhumudwa
• Kukhala ndi ziyerekezo, zokangana, kunyanyala, kapena zachiwawa
• Kukhala ndi zovuta zambiri kuwerenga kapena kulemba
• Kukhala ndi ziweruzo zoyipa ndikulephera kuzindikira zoopsa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu olakwika, osatchula mawu molondola, kapena kuyankhula ziganizo zosokoneza
• Kuchokera pamacheza

Mavuto amanjenje (neurologic) omwe amapezeka ndi sitiroko amathanso kukhalapo.

Mayeso atha kulamulidwa kuti athandizire kudziwa ngati mavuto ena azachipatala angayambitse matenda amisala kapena kukulitsa vuto, monga:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Chotupa chaubongo
• Matenda opatsirana
• Kuledzera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (bongo)
• Kukhumudwa kwakukulu
• Matenda a chithokomiro
• Kulephera kwa vitamini

Mayesero ena atha kuchitidwa kuti mupeze magawo omwe amaganiza omwe akhudzidwa ndikuwongolera mayesero ena.

Mayeso omwe angawonetse umboni wazikwapu zam'mbuyomu atha kuphatikizira:

• Mutu wa CT
• MRI yaubongo

Palibe chithandizo chobwezeretsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zilonda zazing'ono.

Cholinga chofunikira ndikuchepetsa zizindikiritso ndikuwongolera zomwe zimawopsa. Kupewa zikwapu zamtsogolo:

• Pewani zakudya zamafuta. Tsatirani zakudya zabwino, zopanda mafuta.
• Musamwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa zoposa 1 kapena 2 patsiku.
• Sungani kuthamanga kwa magazi kutsika kuposa 130/80 mm / Hg. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti magazi anu azikhala otani.
• Sungani cholesterol "yoyipa" ya LDL kutsika kuposa 70 mg / dL.
• Osasuta.
• Dotolo atha kupereka malingaliro ochepetsa magazi, monga aspirin, kuti ateteze magazi kuundana m'mitsempha. Musayambe kumwa aspirin kapena kusiya kumwa osalankhula ndi dokotala poyamba.

Zolinga zothandiza munthu wodwala matenda amisala m'nyumba ndi:

• Sinthani mavuto amakhalidwe, chisokonezo, mavuto ogona, komanso kusakhazikika
• Chotsani zoopsa pakhomopo
• Thandizani abale anu komanso othandizira ena

Mankhwala angafunike kuti muchepetse nkhanza, kukwiya, kapena machitidwe owopsa.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Alzheimer sanawonetsedwe kuti amagwirira ntchito matenda amisala.

Kusintha kwina kumatha kuchitika kwakanthawi kochepa, koma matendawa amangokulirakulira pakapita nthawi.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo izi:

• Mikwingwirima yamtsogolo
• Matenda a mtima
• Kutaya ntchito kapena kudzisamalira
• Kutaya kulumikizana
• Chibayo, matenda amikodzo, matenda apakhungu
• Zilonda zamagetsi

Lumikizanani ndi dokotala wanu ngati zizindikiro za matenda a dementia zimachitika. Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati mwadzidzidzi kusintha kwamalingaliro, kumverera, kapena kuyenda. Izi ndi zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zakupha ziwalo.

Zinthu zowongolera zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chouma kwamitsempha (atherosclerosis) ndi:

• Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kulamulira kulemera
• Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya
• Kuchepetsa mafuta okhathamira ndi mchere wazakudya
• Kuchiza zovuta zina

MIDI; Dementia - yambiri; Dementia - sitiroko itatha; Matenda ambiri am'mimba; Matenda osokoneza bongo a cortical; VaD; Matenda aubongo - mtima; Kuwonongeka pang'ono kuzindikira - mtima; MCI - mtima; Matenda a Binswanger

• Dementia - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje
• Ubongo
• Ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje
• Nyumba zamaubongo

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Knopman DS. Kuwonongeka kwazindikiritso ndi matenda amisala. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 374.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda ena amisala. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 95.

Seshadri S, Economos A, Wright C.Matenda a m'mitsempha komanso kuwonongeka kwa kuzindikira. Mu: Grotta JC, Albers GW, Broderick JP et al, olemba. Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 17.