Sensorimotor polyneuropathy

Sensorimotor polyneuropathy ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kusuntha kapena kumva (zotengeka) chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Matenda a ubongo amatanthauza matenda, kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Ikamachitika kunja kwa dongosolo lamanjenje (CNS), ndiye kuti, ubongo ndi msana, amatchedwa zotumphukira za m'mitsempha. Mononeuropathy amatanthauza kuti mitsempha imodzi imakhudzidwa. Polyneuropathy imatanthauza kuti mitsempha yambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi imakhudzidwa.

Neuropathy imatha kukhudza mitsempha yomwe imamveketsa (sensory neuropathy) kapena kuyambitsa kuyenda (motor neuropathy). Zitha kukhudzanso zonse ziwiri, momwemo zimatchedwa sensorimotor neuropathy.

Sensorimotor polyneuropathy ndi njira ya thupi lonse (systemic) yomwe imawononga maselo amitsempha, ulusi wamitsempha (ma axon), ndi zokutira mitsempha (myelin sheath). Kuwonongeka kophimbidwa kwa khungu lamitsempha kumapangitsa kuti ma sign a mitsempha achepetse kapena kusiya. Kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamitsempha kapena selo yathunthu yamitsempha kumatha kupangitsa kuti mitsempha isayime. Matenda ena am'mimba amakula mzaka zambiri, pomwe ena amatha kuyamba kukhala ovuta mkati mwa masiku angapo.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Yodziyimira yokha (pamene thupi limadziukira lokha) zovuta
• Zinthu zomwe zimakakamiza mitsempha
• Kuchepetsa magazi kutuluka mu mitsempha
• Matenda omwe amawononga guluu (cholumikizira) chomwe chimasunga ma cell ndi minofu pamodzi
• Kutupa (kutupa) kwamitsempha

Matenda ena amatsogolera ku polyneuropathy yomwe imakhudza kwambiri kapena makamaka magalimoto. Zomwe zingayambitse sensorimotor polyneuropathy ndi izi:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Amyloid polyneuropathy
• Matenda osokoneza bongo, monga matenda a Sjögren
• Khansa (yotchedwa paraneoplastic neuropathy)
• Kutha kwanthawi yayitali (kwanthawi yayitali) yotupa yotupa
• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo chemotherapy
• Matenda a Guillain-Barré
• Chibadwa neuropathy
• HIV / Edzi
  
• Chithokomiro chochepa
  
• Matenda a Parkinson
  
• Kulephera kwa Vitamini (mavitamini B12, B1, ndi E)
• Matenda a Zika virus

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kuchepetsa kumverera kulikonse m'thupi
• Zovuta kumeza kapena kupuma
• Zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mikono kapena manja
• Zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo kapena mapazi
• Kuvuta kuyenda
• Ululu, kuwotcha, kumenyedwa, kapena kumverera kosazolowereka m'dera lililonse la thupi (lotchedwa neuralgia)
• Kufooka kwa nkhope, mikono, kapena miyendo, kapena gawo lililonse la thupi
• Kugwa kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa chakusasunthika komanso kusamva pansi pamapazi anu

Zizindikiro zimatha kukula mwachangu (monga matenda a Guillain-Barré) kapena pang'onopang'ono kupitilira milungu ingapo mpaka zaka. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimachitika mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi. Nthawi zambiri, amayamba kumapeto kwa zala zala choyamba.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakufunsani ndikufunsani za matenda anu. Mayeso atha kuwonetsa:

• Kuchepetsa kumva (kumakhudza kukhudza, kupweteka, kugwedera, kapena kutengeka kwamalo)
• Kuchepetsa malingaliro (nthawi zambiri mwendo)
• Kutsekeka kwa minofu
• Kupindika kwa minofu
• Minofu kufooka
• Kufa ziwalo

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Kutulutsa mitsempha yokhudzidwa
• Kuyesa magazi
• Kuyesa kwamagetsi kwa minofu (EMG)
• Kuyesa kwamagetsi pakupanga kwamitsempha
• X-ray kapena mayeso ena ojambula, monga MRI

Zolinga zamankhwala ndi awa:

• Kupeza choyambitsa
• Kulamulira zizindikiro
• Kulimbikitsa kudzisamalira ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa munthu

Kutengera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, chithandizo chitha kukhala:

• Kusintha mankhwala, ngati akuyambitsa vuto
• Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi, pomwe matenda amitsempha amachokera ku matenda ashuga
• Osamwa mowa
• Kutenga zakudya zowonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku
• Mankhwala othandizira kuthana ndi polyneuropathy

KULIMBIKITSA KUSAMALIRA NDIPONSO KULIMBIKITSA MTIMA

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuwongolera kuti muwonjezere ntchito ya mitsempha yowonongeka
• Chithandizo cha ntchito (ntchito)
• Thandizo lantchito
• Chithandizo cha mafupa
• Thandizo lakuthupi
• Ma wheelchair, brace, kapena ziboda

KULAMULIRA ZIZINDIKIRO

Chitetezo ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha. Kulephera kwa kuwongolera minofu ndikuchepetsa chidwi kumatha kuonjezera ngozi yakugwa kapena kuvulala kwina.

Ngati mukuvutika kuyenda, izi zitha kukutetezani:

• Siyani magetsi.
• Chotsani zopinga (monga ma rugs otayirira omwe amatha kuterera pansi).
• Yesani kutentha kwamadzi musanasambe.
• Gwiritsani ntchito njanji.
• Valani nsapato zoteteza (monga zomwe zili ndi zala zotseka komanso zidendene).
• Valani nsapato zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsalira zosaterera.

Malangizo ena ndi awa:

• Yang'anani mapazi anu (kapena malo ena okhudzidwa) tsiku lililonse kuti mukhale ndi mikwingwirima, malo otseguka pakhungu, kapena zovulala zina, zomwe mwina simungaziwone ndipo mutha kutenga kachilomboka.
• Onetsetsani mkati mwa nsapato nthawi zambiri ngati muli ndi malo ovuta omwe angavulaze mapazi anu.
• Pitani kwa dokotala wamiyendo (podiatrist) kuti akawone ndikuchepetsa ngozi zovulala kumapazi anu.
• Pewani kudalira zigongono zanu, kuwoloka mawondo anu, kapena kukhala m'malo ena omwe amakupanikizani kwakanthawi pamagawo ena amthupi.

Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito vutoli:

• Kupweteka kwapafupipafupi ndi mankhwala opatsirana kumachepetsa kupweteka kwakubaya (neuralgia)
• Ma anticonvulsants kapena antidepressants
• Mafuta, mafuta, kapena zigamba zamankhwala

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opweteka pokhapokha pakufunika kutero. Kuyika thupi lanu pamalo oyenera kapena kuyika nsalu pogona mbali yaying'ono ingathandize kuchepetsa ululu.

Maguluwa amatha kupereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda amitsempha.

• Neuropathy Action Foundation - www.neuropathyaction.org
• Maziko a Peripherial Neuropathy - www.foundationforpn.org

Nthawi zina, mutha kuchira kwathunthu ku zotumphukira za m'mitsempha ngati wothandizira wanu atapeza choyambitsa ndikuchiza bwino, ndipo ngati kuwonongeka sikukhudza khungu lonse la mitsempha.

Kuchuluka kwa zilema kumasiyana. Anthu ena alibe chilema. Ena amataya pang'ono, kuyenda, kapena kumva. Kupweteka kwamitsempha kumatha kukhala kovuta ndipo kumatha nthawi yayitali.

Nthawi zina, sensorimotor polyneuropathy imayambitsa matenda owopsa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi awa:

• Chilema
• Kuvulala kumapazi (chifukwa cha nsapato zoyipa kapena madzi otentha polowa m'bafa)
• Kunjenjemera
• Ululu
• Kuvuta kuyenda
• Kufooka
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza (pamavuto akulu)
• Amagwa chifukwa chosowa bwino

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati simusuntha kapena kumverera gawo lina la thupi lanu. Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo kumawonjezera mwayi wowongolera zizindikirazo.

Polyneuropathy - chojambulira

• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje
• Mchitidwe wamanjenje

Craig A, Richardson JK, Ayyangar R. Kukhazikitsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi ma neuropathies. Mu: Cifu DX, mkonzi. Braddom's Physical Medicine & Kukonzanso. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 41.

Endrizzi SA, Rathmell JP, Hurley RW. Zowawa zotumphukira zamitsempha. Mu: Benzon HT, Raja SN, Liu SS, Fishman SM, Cohen SP, olemba. Zofunikira pa Mankhwala Opweteka. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 32.

Katitji B. Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha yotumphukira. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mutu 107.