Matenda a Alzheimer

Dementia ndikutaya kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika ndi matenda ena. Matenda a Alzheimer (AD) ndiye mtundu wodziwika bwino wamatenda amisala. Zimakhudza kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi khalidwe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer sizikudziwika. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwina muubongo kumabweretsa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Mutha kukhala ndi matenda a Alzheimer ngati:

• Okalamba - Kukula Matenda a Alzheimer si gawo la ukalamba wabwinobwino.
• Khalani ndi wachibale wapafupi, monga mchimwene, mlongo, kapena kholo lomwe lili ndi matenda a Alzheimer.
• Khalani ndi majini ena olumikizidwa ndi matenda a Alzheimer.

Zotsatirazi zitha kuwonjezera ngozi:

• Kukhala wamkazi
• Kukhala ndi mavuto amtima ndi chotengera magazi chifukwa cha cholesterol yambiri
• Mbiri yakusokonekera kwamutu

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a Alzheimer:

• Matenda oyamba a Alzheimer's -- Zizindikiro zimawonekera asanakwanitse zaka 60. Mtundu uwu suchulukirachulukira kuposa kumayambirako mochedwa. Zimayamba kufulumira. Matenda oyambilira amatha kuyenda m'mabanja. Mitundu yambiri yadziwika.
• Matenda a Alzheimer mochedwa -- Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. Zimapezeka mwa anthu azaka 60 kapena kupitilira apo. Itha kugwira ntchito m'mabanja ena, koma ntchito ya majini siyodziwika bwino.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer zimaphatikizaponso zovuta m'malo ambiri amisala, kuphatikizapo:

• Khalidwe kapena malingaliro
• Chilankhulo
• Kukumbukira
• Kuzindikira
• Kulingalira ndi kuweruza (maluso ozindikira)

Matenda a Alzheimer nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati oiwala.

Kuwonongeka pang'ono kwamalingaliro (MCI) ndiye gawo pakati pa kuiwala kwabwino chifukwa cha ukalamba, komanso kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Anthu omwe ali ndi MCI ali ndi mavuto ocheperako pakuganiza komanso kukumbukira zomwe sizimasokoneza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri amadziwa za kuyiwalako. Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi MCI amadwala matenda a Alzheimer.

Zizindikiro za MCI ndizo:

• Zovuta kuchita ntchito zingapo kamodzi
• Zovuta kuthetsa mavuto
• Kuyiwala zochitika zaposachedwa kapena zokambirana
• Kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti tichite ntchito zovuta kwambiri

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a Alzheimer zitha kuphatikiza:

• Zovuta kuchita ntchito zomwe zimaganizira, koma zimabwera mosavuta, monga kusanja cheke, kusewera masewera ovuta (mlatho), ndikuphunzira zatsopano kapena zochita zina
• Kutayika panjira zodziwika bwino
• Mavuto azilankhulo, monga zovuta kukumbukira mayina azinthu zodziwika bwino
• Kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe kale zinkasangalatsidwa ndikukhala osasangalala
• Kuyika zinthu molakwika
• Kusintha kwa umunthu ndi kutaya maluso ochezera

Matenda a Alzheimer akukulira, zizindikilo zimawonekera kwambiri ndipo zimasokoneza kutha kudzisamalira. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Sinthani magonedwe, nthawi zambiri amadzuka usiku
• Zisokonezo, kukhumudwa, komanso kusokonezeka
• Zovuta kuchita ntchito zofunika, monga kuphika chakudya, kusankha zovala zoyenera, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto
• Kuvuta kuwerenga kapena kulemba
• Kuyiwala zambiri zazomwe zachitika
• Kuyiwala zochitika m'mbiri ya munthu ndikutaya kudzizindikira
• Zolota, zonena, kumenya nkhondo, komanso zachiwawa
• Kusazindikira bwino ndikulephera kuzindikira zoopsa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu olakwika, kutchula mawu molakwika, kapena kulankhula ziganizo zosokoneza
• Kuchokera pamacheza

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a Alzheimer sangathenso:

• Dziwani anthu apabanja lanu
• Chitani zinthu zofunika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku, monga kudya, kuvala, ndi kusamba
• Mvetsetsani chilankhulo

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatha kuchitika ndi matenda a Alzheimer:

• Mavuto owongolera matumbo kapena mkodzo
• Kumeza mavuto

Wopereka chithandizo waluso amatha kuzindikira matenda a Alzheimer ndi izi:

• Kuchita mayeso athunthu, kuphatikiza mayeso amanjenje
• Kufunsa za mbiri yakale ya zamankhwala ndi zisonyezo zake
• Kuyesa kwamaganizidwe (kuyezetsa magazi)

Kuzindikira matenda a Alzheimer kumachitika pakakhala zizindikiro zina, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zifukwa zina za matenda a dementia kulibe.

Mayeso atha kuchitidwa kuti athetse zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda amisala, kuphatikiza:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Chotupa chaubongo
• Matenda a nthawi yayitali
• Kuledzera ndi mankhwala
• Kukhumudwa kwakukulu
• Kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi paubongo (yodziwika kuthamanga hydrocephalus)
• Sitiroko
• Matenda a chithokomiro
• Kulephera kwa vitamini

CT kapena MRI yaubongo itha kuchitidwa kuti ifufuze zifukwa zina za matenda amisala, monga chotupa chaubongo kapena sitiroko. Nthawi zina, kuyesa PET kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Njira yokhayo yodziwira motsimikiza kuti wina ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndikuwunika pang'ono khungu lawo atamwalira.

Palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer. Zolinga zamankhwala ndi:

• Pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa matendawa (ngakhale izi ndizovuta kuchita)
• Sinthani zizindikilo, monga zovuta zamakhalidwe, kusokonezeka, ndi mavuto ogona
• Sinthani malo apakhomo kuti zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku zizikhala zosavuta
• Thandizani abale anu komanso othandizira ena

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Pang'onopang'ono kuchepa kwa zizindikilo, ngakhale phindu logwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa lingakhale laling'ono
• Sinthani mavuto ndi machitidwe, monga kutaya chiweruzo kapena kusokonezeka

Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, funsani omwe akukuthandizani:

• Zotsatira zake ndi ziti? Kodi mankhwalawa ndi oopsa?
• Kodi nthawi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi iti?
• Kodi mankhwala azovuta zina amafunika kusintha kapena kuimitsa?

Wina yemwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer adzafunika kuthandizidwa kunyumba matendawa akukulira. Achibale kapena othandizira ena atha kumuthandiza mwa kumuthandiza kuti athane ndi kuiwalaiwala komanso machitidwe ake komanso mavuto ogona. Ndikofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti nyumba ya munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndiyabwino kwa iwo.

Kukhala ndi matenda a Alzheimer kapena kusamalira munthu amene ali ndi vutoli kungakhale kovuta. Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa za matendawa mwa kufunafuna chithandizo kudzera muzithandizo za matenda a Alzheimer.Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Matenda a Alzheimer amafulumira kwambiri ndi osiyana ndi munthu aliyense. Matenda a Alzheimer akayamba msanga, amatha kukulira msanga.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer nthawi zambiri amamwalira msanga kuposa masiku onse, ngakhale munthu atha kukhala zaka 3 mpaka 20 atapezeka ndi matendawa.

Mabanja angafunikire kukonzekera za chisamaliro chamtsogolo cha wokondedwa wawo.

Gawo lomaliza la matendawa limatha miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo. Nthawi imeneyo, munthu amakhala wolumala. Imfa imabwera chifukwa cha matenda kapena kulephera kwa chiwalo.

Imbani wothandizira ngati:

• Zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer zimayamba kapena munthu amasintha mwadzidzidzi pamalingaliro
• Mkhalidwe wa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer umaipiraipira
• Simungathe kusamalira munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer kunyumba

Ngakhale palibe njira yotsimikizika yopewera matenda a Alzheimer, pali njira zina zomwe zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kuyambika kwa matenda a Alzheimer:

• Khalani ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa ndikudya zakudya zokhala ndi omega-3 fatty acids.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Khalani okangalika m'malingaliro komanso pagulu.
• Valani chisoti pochita zinthu zowopsa kuti muteteze ubongo.

Matenda a senile - mtundu wa Alzheimer (SDAT); SDAT; Dementia - Alzheimer

• Kuyankhulana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia
• Kuyankhulana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi dysarthria
• Dementia ndikuyendetsa
• Dementia - machitidwe ndi mavuto ogona
• Dementia - chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku
• Dementia - kukhala otetezeka m'nyumba
• Dementia - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kudya ma calories owonjezera mukamadwala - akuluakulu
• Kupewa kugwa

• Matenda a Alzheimer

Alzheimer's Association tsamba. Kutulutsa atolankhani: Malangizo oyambira pakuwunika zamatenda a Alzheimer's and dementias for primary and specialty care. www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2018/AAIC18-Sun-clinical-practice-guidelines.asp. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 22, 2018. Idapezeka pa Epulo 16, 2020.

Knopman DS. Kuwonongeka kwazindikiritso ndi matenda amisala. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 374.

Martínez G, Vernooij RW, Fuentes Padilla P, Zamora J, Bonfill Cosp X, Flicker L. 18F PET ndi florbetapir kuti adziwe msanga za matenda a Alzheimer's dementia ndi matenda ena a m'maganizo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 11 (11): CD012216. PMID: 29164603 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29164603/.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda ena amisala. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 95.

Sloane PD, Kaufer DI. Matenda a Alzheimer. Mu: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, olemba., Eds. Therapy Yamakono ya Conn 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 681-686.