Mononeuropathy

Mononeuropathy imawononga mitsempha imodzi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti kusayenda, kukhudzika, kapena ntchito ina ya minyewa iwonongeke.

Mononeuropathy ndi mtundu wa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana (zotumphukira za m'mitsempha).

Mononeuropathy nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa chovulala. Matenda omwe amakhudza thupi lonse (zovuta zamachitidwe) amathanso kuyambitsa mitsempha yokhayokha.

Kupanikizika kwakanthawi pamitsempha chifukwa chotupa kapena kuvulala kumatha kubweretsa mononeuropathy. Kuphimba kwa mitsempha (myelin sheath) kapena gawo la mitsempha (axon) kumatha kuwonongeka. Kuwonongeka uku kumachedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa zikwangwani kuti muziyenda kudzera m'mitsempha yowonongeka.

Mononeuropathy imatha kuphatikizira gawo lililonse la thupi. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya mononeuropathy ndi iyi:

• Axillary mitsempha yotayika (kutayika kwa kuyenda kapena kumva phewa)
• Matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamayende bwino (kutaya mayendedwe kapena kutengeka)
• Matenda a Carpal (kuperewera kwa mitsempha yapakatikati - kuphatikiza kufooka, kumva kulira, kufooka, kapena kuwonongeka kwa minofu m'manja ndi zala)
• Cranial mononeuropathy III, IV, kupanikizika kapena mtundu wa ashuga
• Cranial mononeuropathy VI (masomphenya awiri)
• Cranial mononeuropathy VII (ziwalo zakumaso)
• Kusokonekera kwa mitsempha yazimayi (kutayika kwa kuyenda kapena kutengeka gawo lina la mwendo)
• Kutsekeka kwamitsempha yama Radial (mavuto osuntha m'manja ndi dzanja komanso ndikumverera kumbuyo kwa mkono kapena dzanja)
• Kusokonekera kwamitsempha yamavuto (vuto ndi minofu kumbuyo kwa bondo ndi mwendo wapansi, ndikumverera kumbuyo kwa ntchafu, gawo la mwendo wapansi, ndi phazi lokha)
• Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya Ulnar (matenda a cubital tunnel - kuphatikiza kufooka, kumva kulira, kufooka kwakunja ndi kunsi kwa mkono, kanjedza, mphete ndi zala zazing'ono)

Zizindikiro zimadalira mitsempha yomwe yakhudzidwa, ndipo imatha kuphatikiza:

• Kutaya chidwi
• Kufa ziwalo
• Kujambula, kuwotcha, kupweteka, kumva zachilendo
• Kufooka

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala ayesa thupi ndikuyang'ana malo omwe akhudzidwa. Mbiri yakale yazachipatala ikufunika kuti mudziwe chomwe chingayambitse matendawa.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Electromyogram (EMG) yowunika momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito m'minyewa
• Kuyesa kwa mitsempha (NCV) kuti muwone kuthamanga kwamagetsi mumitsempha
• Mitsempha ya ultrasound kuti muwone mitsempha
• X-ray, MRI kapena CT scan kuti muwone bwino zomwe zakhudzidwa
• Kuyesa magazi
• Mitsempha yamitsempha (pakadwala mononeuropathy chifukwa cha vasculitis)
• Kufufuza kwa CSF
• Khungu lakhungu

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikulola kuti mugwiritse ntchito gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa momwe mungathere.

Matenda ena amachititsa kuti mitsempha ikhale yovulaza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga kumatha kuvulaza mtsempha wamagazi, womwe umatha kukhudza mitsempha imodzi. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zikuyambitsa ziyenera kuthandizidwa.

Njira zochiritsira zitha kukhala izi:

• Pamapiritsi othetsa ululu, monga mankhwala oletsa kutupa opweteka pang'ono
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, ma anticonvulsants, ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi awawa
• Jekeseni wa mankhwala a steroid kuti achepetse kutupa komanso kupanikizika pamitsempha
• Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchepetse kupanikizika kwa mitsempha
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti mukhalebe olimba minyewa
• Ma braces, ziboda, kapena zida zina zothandizira pakayenda
• Kupititsa patsogolo magetsi a magetsi (TENS) kuti athetse ululu wa mitsempha wokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga

Mononeuropathy ikhoza kukhala yolemetsa komanso yopweteka. Ngati chifukwa cha kukanika kwa mitsempha chitha kupezeka ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, kupezanso mphamvu nthawi zina kumatheka.

Kupweteka kwamitsempha kumatha kukhala kovuta ndipo kumakhala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupunduka, kutayika kwa minofu
• Zotsatira zamankhwala
• Kuvulala mobwerezabwereza kapena kosazindikirika kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa chifukwa chosowa chidwi

Kupewa kupanikizika kapena kuvulala koopsa kumatha kupewa mitundu yambiri ya mononeuropathy. Kuchiza zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena matenda a shuga kumachepetsanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi vutoli.

Matenda amitsempha; Kutalikirana ndi mononeuritis

• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje

National Institute of Neurological Disorders ndi tsamba la Stroke. Pepala lozungulira la neuropathy. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 16, 2020. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 20, 2020.

Smith G, Manyazi INE. Ozungulira neuropathies. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 392.

Chipale chofewa DC, Bunney EB. Matenda osokoneza bongo. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 97.