Kuunika khansa ya m'mawere

Kuyeza khansa ya m'mawere kungakuthandizeni kupeza khansa ya m'mawere musanazindikire. Nthaŵi zambiri, kupeza khansa ya m'mawere kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuchiza kapena kuchiritsa. Koma kuwunika kumakhalanso ndi zoopsa, monga kusowa kwa khansa. Nthawi yoyambira kuwunika imadalira msinkhu wanu ndi zoopsa.

Mammogram ndiye mtundu wofufuza kwambiri. Ndi x-ray ya m'mawere pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera. Kuyesaku kumachitika mchipatala kapena kuchipatala ndipo zimangotenga mphindi zochepa. Mammograms amatha kupeza zotupa zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri kuti zingamveke.

Zojambulajambula zimachitidwa kuti ziwonetsetse azimayi kuti azindikire khansa ya m'mawere koyambirira pomwe ingathe kuchiritsidwa. Mammography amalimbikitsidwa kuti:

• Amayi kuyambira azaka 40, amabwereza zaka 1 mpaka 2 zilizonse. (Izi sizovomerezeka ndi mabungwe onse akatswiri.)
• Amayi onse kuyambira azaka 50, obwereza zaka 1 mpaka 2 zilizonse.
• Azimayi omwe ali ndi mayi kapena mlongo yemwe anali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ali wamng'ono ayenera kulingalira za mammograms apachaka. Ayenera kuyamba msinkhu kuposa zaka zomwe membala wawo womaliza kwambiri adapezeka.

Mammograms amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuti apeze khansa ya m'mawere mwa azimayi azaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka 74. Kwa azimayi ochepera zaka 50, kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kukhala kothandiza, koma kungaphonye khansa ina. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti azimayi achichepere ali ndi minofu ya m'mawere yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwona khansa. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti mammograms amagwira ntchito bwanji kuti apeze khansa kwa azimayi azaka 75 kapena kupitilira apo.

Uku ndi kuyesa kumva mabere ndi zikopa zam'munsi zamatumba kapena zosintha zachilendo. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amatha kuyezetsa mawere (CBE). Muthanso kudziyang'anira nokha. Izi zimatchedwa kudziyesa pachifuwa (BSE). Kudziyesa nokha kungakuthandizeni kudziwa bwino mabere anu. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti kusakhale kosavuta kuwona kusintha kwa mawere kosazolowereka.

Kumbukirani kuti mayeso amabere samachepetsa chiopsezo chofa ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Sagwiranso ntchito ngati mammograms kuti apeze khansa. Pachifukwa ichi, simuyenera kungodalira mayeso a m'mawere kuti muwonetse khansa.

Si akatswiri onse omwe amavomereza kuti ndi liti pomwe muyenera kuyamba kapena kuyesedwa mayeso a m'mawere. M'malo mwake, magulu ena sawalimbikitsa. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuchita kapena kukhala ndi mayeso pachifuwa. Amayi ena amakonda mayeso.

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsirani zaubwino ndi kuopsa kwa mayeso a m'mawere komanso ngati akuyenera.

MRI imagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti apeze zizindikiro za khansa. Kuwunika kumeneku kumachitika mwa azimayi okha omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere (kuposa 20% mpaka 25% pachiwopsezo cha moyo) ayenera kukhala ndi MRI limodzi ndi mammogram chaka chilichonse. Mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati mungakhale:

• Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere, nthawi zambiri amayi kapena mlongo wanu atakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere adakali aang'ono
• Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'mawere ndi 20% mpaka 25% kapena kupitilira apo
• Zosintha zina za BRCA, ngakhale mutakhala ndi chikhomo kapena wachibale woyamba ndipo simunayesedwe
• Achibale oyambira omwe ali ndi ma syndromes ena amtundu (Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden ndi Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes)

Sizikudziwika bwino kuti ma MRIs amagwira ntchito bwanji kuti apeze khansa ya m'mawere. Ngakhale ma MRIs amapeza khansa ya m'mawere kuposa ma mammograms, nawonso amatha kuwonetsa zizindikilo za khansa pomwe kulibe khansa. Izi zimatchedwa zotsatira zabodza. Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa pachifuwa chimodzi, ma MRIs atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri kupeza zotupa zobisika m'chifuwa china. Muyenera kuyesa MRI ngati:

• Ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere (omwe ali ndi mbiri yamabanja olimba kapena majini a khansa ya m'mawere)
• Khalani ndi minofu yamawere yolimba kwambiri

Nthawi komanso kangati kuyezetsa mayeso a bere ndi chisankho chomwe muyenera kupanga. Magulu osiyanasiyana a akatswiri sagwirizana kwathunthu pa nthawi yoyenera kuwunika.

Musanakhale ndi mammogram, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi pazabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Funsani za:

• Kuopsa kwanu kwa khansa ya m'mawere.
• Kaya kuwunika kumachepetsa mwayi wanu wakufa ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
• Kaya pali vuto lililonse kuchokera pakuwunika khansa ya m'mawere, monga zoyipa zoyesedwa kapena kuchuluka kwa khansa ikapezeka.

Zowopsa zowunikira zitha kuphatikiza:

• Zotsatira zabodza. Izi zimachitika mayeso akamawonetsa khansa pomwe kulibe. Izi zitha kubweretsa mayesero ena omwe amakhalanso ndi zoopsa. Zingayambitsenso nkhawa. Mutha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zabodza ngati muli achichepere, muli ndi mbiri yakubadwa ya khansa ya m'mawere, mudakhalapo ndi ma biopsies m'mawere, kapena mumamwa mahomoni.
• Zotsatira zabodza. Awa ndi mayeso omwe amabwerera mwakale ngakhale kuli khansa. Amayi omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabodza sakudziwa kuti ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndikuchedwa kulandira chithandizo.
• Chiwonetsero cha radiation ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Mafilimu amaika mabere anu ku ma radiation.
• Kupitilira muyeso. Mammograms ndi MRIs atha kupeza khansa yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Awa ndi khansa yomwe singafupikitse moyo wanu. Pakadali pano, sizotheka kudziwa kuti ndi khansa iti yomwe ingakule ndikufalikira, chifukwa chake khansa ikapezeka imachiritsidwa. Chithandizo chingayambitse mavuto ena.

Mammogram - kuyesa khansa ya m'mawere; Kuyesa mabere - kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mawere; MRI - kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mawere

Henry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. Khansa ya m'mawere. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 88.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Kuyeza khansa ya m'mawere (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/kuyesa-kuwunika-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 27, 2020. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 24, 2020.

Siu AL; Gulu Lachitetezo la U.S. Kuunika kwa khansa ya m'mawere: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. [Adasankhidwa] PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Khansa ya m'mawere
• Zolemba pamanja