Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis ndi mtundu wowopsa womwe ungayambitse zovuta.

Anaphylaxis ndiwowopsa, thupi lonse siligwirizana ndi mankhwala omwe asintha. Allergen ndi chinthu chomwe chimatha kuyambitsa vuto.

Pambuyo povulazidwa ndi chinthu monga njoka yoluma njuchi, chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chimalimbikitsidwa. Munthuyo akayambiranso kuyanjananso ndi matendawa, zomwe zimachitika zimachitika. Anaphylaxis imachitika mwachangu atawonekera. Vutoli ndilolimba ndipo limakhudza thupi lonse.

Minofu m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi amatulutsa histamine ndi zinthu zina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti njira zandege zizilimba ndipo zimabweretsa zizindikilo zina.

Mankhwala ena (morphine, utoto wa x-ray, aspirin, ndi ena) amatha kuyambitsa anaphylactic-like reaction (anaphylactoid reaction) anthu akawadziwitsa koyamba. Izi sizofanana ndi kuyankha kwamthupi lomwe limachitika ndi anaphylaxis yoona. Koma, zizindikilo zake, chiwopsezo cha zovuta, komanso chithandizo chimakhala chofanana pamitundu yonse iwiri yazomwe zachitika.

Anaphylaxis imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zovuta zilizonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimaphatikizapo:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi
• Kulumidwa ndi tizilombo

Mungu ndi zina zotulutsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda sizimayambitsa anaphylaxis. Anthu ena amachitidwa ndi anaphylactic popanda chifukwa chodziwika.

Anaphylaxis imawopseza moyo ndipo imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Zowopsa zimaphatikizapo mbiriyakale yamtundu uliwonse wamanjenje.

Zizindikiro zimayamba msanga, nthawi zambiri m'masekondi kapena mphindi. Zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kukhala ndi nkhawa
• Kusapeza bwino pachifuwa
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kuvuta kupuma, kutsokomola, kupumira, kapena kupuma mwamphamvu
• Zovuta kumeza
• Chizungulire kapena kupepuka
• Ming'oma, kuyabwa, kufiira kwa khungu
• Kuchulukana m'mphuno
• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Kupindika
• Mawu osalankhula
• Kutupa kwa nkhope, maso, kapena lilime
• Kusazindikira

Wothandizira zaumoyo amamuyang'ana munthuyo ndikufunsa zomwe zidayambitsa matendawa.

Mayeso a allergen omwe adayambitsa anaphylaxis (ngati chifukwa chake sichikudziwika) atha kuchitidwa mutalandira chithandizo.

Anaphylaxis ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe limafunikira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Imbani 911 kapena nambala yachangu yakomweko mwachangu.

Onani momwe munthuyo akuyendera, kupuma, komanso kufalitsa, komwe kumadziwika kuti ABC's Basic Life Support. Chizindikiro chochenjeza chotupa pakhosi ndi mawu owongokera kapena onong'oneza, kapena kumveka kokhakokha munthu akamapuma. Ngati ndi kotheka, yambani kupuma ndi CPR.

1. Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko.
2. Khalani wodekha ndi kumutsimikizira munthuyo.
3. Ngati vutoli limachokera ku njuchi, pewani mbola pakhungu ndi chinthu cholimba (monga chikhadabo kapena kirediti kadi ya pulasitiki). Musagwiritse ntchito zopangira. Kufinya mbola kumatulutsa ululu wambiri.
4. Ngati munthuyo ali ndi mankhwala a ziwengo zadzidzidzi m'manja mwake, thandizani munthuyo kumwa kapena kubaya jakisoni. Osamupatsa mankhwala pakamwa ngati akuvutika kupuma.
5. Chitani zinthu zotetezera mantha. Muuzeni munthuyo kuti agone pansi, kwezani mapazi ake pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndikuphimba munthuyo ndi malaya kapena bulangeti. Osayika munthuyo pamalopo ngati akuganiza kuti wavulala mutu, khosi, msana, kapena mwendo, kapena ngati zikuyambitsa mavuto.

OSA:

• Musaganize kuti kuwomberana ndi ziwopsezo zomwe munthu walandira kale kumapereka chitetezo chathunthu.
• Osayika pilo pansi pamutu wa munthu ngati akuvutika kupuma. Izi zitha kuletsa mayendedwe apandege.
• Osamupatsa munthu chilichonse pakamwa ngati akuvutika kupuma.

Ma Paramedics kapena othandizira ena amatha kuyika chubu pamphuno kapena pakamwa polowera. Kapena opaleshoni yadzidzidzi idzachitika kuti aike chubu molunjika mu trachea.

Munthuyo amatha kulandira mankhwala kuti achepetse matenda.

Anaphylaxis ikhoza kukhala pangozi popanda kupatsidwa chithandizo mwachangu. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino ndi mankhwala oyenera, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo.

Popanda chithandizo mwachangu, anaphylaxis imatha kubweretsa:

• Mayendedwe apaulendo
• Kumangidwa kwa mtima (osagunda mtima mwamphamvu)
• Kumangidwa mwa kupuma (osapuma)
• Chodabwitsa

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa adwala kwambiri anaphylaxis. Kapena, pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi.

Kupewa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi anaphylaxis:

• Pewani zoyambitsa monga zakudya ndi mankhwala omwe adayambitsa zovuta m'mbuyomu. Funsani mafunso atsatanetsatane pazakusakaniza mukamadya kunyumba. Onaninso mosamala zolemba zosakaniza.
• Ngati muli ndi mwana amene sagwirizana ndi zakudya zina, yambitsani chakudya chimodzi chaching'ono panthawi yaying'ono kuti muzindikire zomwe sizingachitike.
• Anthu omwe amadziwa kuti adakumana ndi zovuta zina ayenera kuvala chiphaso chamankhwala.
• Ngati muli ndi mbiri yazovuta zina, tengani mankhwala azadzidzidzi (monga chewable antihistamine ndi jakisoni wa epinephrine kapena chida choluma njuchi) malinga ndi malangizo a omwe amakupatsani.
• Musagwiritse ntchito jakisoni wa epinephrine kwa wina aliyense. Atha kukhala ndi vuto (monga vuto la mtima) lomwe lingathe kukulitsidwa ndi mankhwalawa.

Anaphylactic anachita; Mantha a Anaphylactic; Kusokoneza - anaphylactic; Thupi lawo siligwirizana - anaphylaxis

• Chodabwitsa
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana
• Anaphylaxis
• Ming'oma
• Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zovuta
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi mankhwala
• Ma antibodies

Barkdale AN, Muelleman RL. Matupi, hypersensitivity, ndi anaphylaxis. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 109.

Dreskin SC, Stitt JM. Anaphylaxis. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 75.

Shaker MS, Wallace DV, DBK Wagolide, et al. Anaphylaxis-2020 yowerengera pamasinthidwe, kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane, ndikuwunika kwa kuwunika kwa Malangizo, Kuwunika, Kukula ndi Kufufuza (GRADE). J Matenda Achilengedwe Immunol. Kukonzekera. 2020; 145 (4): 1082-1123. PMID: 32001253 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32001253/.

Masewera a Schwartz LB. Matenda a anaphylaxis, zakudya zina, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 238.