Kumvetsetsa magawo a khansa

Kuyika khansa ndi njira yofotokozera kuchuluka kwa khansa mthupi lanu komanso komwe ili mthupi lanu. Kupanga masitepe kumathandiza kudziwa komwe kuli chotupa choyambirira, kukula kwake, ngati chafalikira, ndi komwe chafalikira.

Kuwonetsa khansa kumatha kuthandiza othandizira azaumoyo:

• Dziwani zamatsenga anu (mwayi wochira kapena mwina khansayo ibwerera)
• Konzani chithandizo chanu
• Dziwani mayesero azachipatala omwe mutha kulowa nawo

Kuyika masitepe kumaperekanso mwayi kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chofotokozera khansa.

Khansa ndikukula kosalamulirika kwa maselo osadziwika mthupi. Maselowa nthawi zambiri amapanga chotupa. Chotupachi chimatha kukula mpaka kumatumba ndi ziwalo zozungulira. Khansayo ikukula, maselo a khansa ochokera pachotupacho amatha kutuluka ndikufalikira mbali zina za thupi kudzera m'magazi kapena ma lymph system. Khansa ikafalikira, zotupa zimatha kupanga ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo zina za thupi. Kufalikira kwa khansa kumatchedwa metastasis.

Kujambula khansa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kufotokozera kukula kwa khansa. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ndi:

• Malo okhala chotupa choyambirira (choyambirira) ndi mtundu wa maselo a khansa
• Kukula kwa chotupa chachikulu
• Kaya khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node
• Chiwerengero cha zotupa za khansa zomwe zafalikira
• Gulu la chotupa (kuchuluka kwa maselo a khansa amawoneka ngati maselo abwinobwino)

Kuti muwone khansa yanu, omwe amakupatsani akhoza kuchita mayeso osiyanasiyana, kutengera komwe khansayo ili mthupi lanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kujambula mayeso, monga x-ray, CT scan, PET scan, kapena MRIs
• Mayeso a labu
• Chisokonezo

Mwinanso mutha kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchotse khansa ndi ma lymph node kapena kuti mufufuze khansa mthupi lanu ndikutenga zitsanzo za minofu. Zitsanzozi zimayesedwa ndipo zimatha kupereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza khansa.

Njira yofala kwambiri yopangira khansa ngati chotupa cholimba ndi dongosolo la TNM. Ambiri opereka chithandizo ndi malo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito poyambitsa khansa yambiri. Dongosolo la TNM limazikidwa pa:

• Kukula kwa chotupa chachikulu (T)
• Kuchuluka kwa khansa kufalikira kufupi ma lymph nodes (N)
• Metastasis (M), kapena ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera ena mthupi

Manambala amawonjezeredwa mgulu lililonse lomwe limafotokoza kukula kwa chotupacho komanso kuchuluka kwake. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerochi, ndikokulira komanso khansa ikufalikira.

Kutupa Kwambiri (T):

• TX: Chotupacho sichingayesedwe.
• T0: Chotupacho sichingapezeke.
• Zolemba: Maselo achilendo apezeka, koma sanafalikire. Izi zimatchedwa carcinoma in situ.
• T1, T2, T3, T4: Sonyezani kukula kwa chotupa choyambirira ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Ziphuphu Zam'mimba (N):

• NX: Ma lymph lymph sangayesedwe
• N0: Palibe khansa yomwe imapezeka m'mitsempha yapafupi
• N1, N2, N3: Chiwerengero ndi malo am'mimba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi khansa

Metastasis (M):

• MX: Metastasis sangayesedwe
• M0: Kutumiza & Malipiro Palibe metastasis yomwe yapezeka (khansa sinafalikire)
• M1: Metastasis imapezeka (khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi)

Mwachitsanzo, khansara ya chikhodzodzo T3 N0 M0 zikutanthauza kuti pali chotupa chachikulu (T3) chomwe sichinafalikire ku ma lymph node (N0) kapena kwina kulikonse mthupi (M0).

Nthawi zina zilembo zina ndimagulu ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa omwe ali pamwambapa.

Kalasi yotupa, monga G1-G4 itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga magawo. Izi zikufotokozera momwe ma cell a khansa amawoneka ngati maselo abwinobwino pansi pa microscope. Manambala apamwamba akuwonetsa maselo achilendo. Khansa ikamawoneka ngati maselo abwinobwino, imakula mwachangu ndikufalikira.

Si ma khansa onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya TNM. Izi ndichifukwa choti khansa zina, makamaka khansa yamagazi ndi mafupa monga leukemia, sizipanga zotupa kapena kufalikira chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake machitidwe ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza khansa iyi.

Gawo limaperekedwa ku khansa yanu kutengera zomwe TNM imachita ndi zina. Khansa zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, khansa yachitatu ya khansa ya m'matumbo siyofanana ndi khansa yachitatu ya chikhodzodzo. Mwambiri, gawo lapamwamba limatanthauza khansa yopitilira patsogolo.

• Gawo 0: Maselo achilendo alipo, koma sanafalikire
• Gawo I, II, III: Tchulani kukula kwa chotupa ndi kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe yafalikira kumatenda am'mimba
• Gawo lachinayi: Matenda afalikira kumatupi ndi ziwalo zina

Khansa yanu itapatsidwa gawo, siyimasintha, ngakhale khansayo ibwerera. Khansara imakhazikitsidwa potengera zomwe zimapezeka atapezeka.

American Joint Committee patsamba la Cancer. Ndondomeko ya khansa. cancerstaging.org/references-tools/Pages/What-is-Cancer-Staging.aspx. Idapezeka pa Novembala 3, 2020.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Neoplasia. Mu: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, olemba, eds. Matenda Akuluakulu a Robbins. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 6.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Khansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 9, 2015. Idapezeka pa Novembala 3, 2020.

• Khansa