Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme (EM) ndimayendedwe akhungu omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda kapena choyambitsa china. EM ndi matenda odziletsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri zimatha zokha popanda chithandizo.

EM ndi mtundu wa zosavomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika poyankha matenda. Nthawi zambiri, zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala ena kapena matenda amthupi (systemic).

Matenda omwe angayambitse EM ndi awa:

• Mavairasi, monga herpes simplex omwe amayambitsa zilonda zoziziritsa ndi ziwalo zoberekera (zofala kwambiri)
• Mabakiteriya, monga Mycoplasma pneumoniaezomwe zimayambitsa matenda am'mapapo
• Mafangayi, monga Mbiri ya plasma capsulatum, zomwe zimayambitsa histoplasmosis

Mankhwala omwe angayambitse EM ndi awa:

• NSAIDs
• Allopurinol (amachitira gout)
• Maantibayotiki ena, monga sulfonamides ndi aminopenicillins
• Mankhwala oletsa kulanda

Matenda okhudzana ndi EM ndi awa:

• Matenda opatsirana otupa, monga matenda a Crohn
• Njira lupus erythematosus

EM imapezeka makamaka mwa akulu azaka 20 mpaka 40 zakubadwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi EM atha kukhala ndi abale awo omwe adakhalapo ndi EM.

Zizindikiro za EM ndi izi:

• Malungo ochepa
• Mutu
• Chikhure
• Tsokomola
• Mphuno yothamanga
• Kumva kudandaula
• Khungu loyabwa
• Kupweteka kofanana
• Zilonda zambiri pakhungu (zilonda kapena malo achilendo)

Zilonda za khungu zitha:

• Yambani msanga
• Bwererani
• Kufalitsa
• Kukwezedwa kapena kutulutsa mtundu
• Zikuwoneka ngati ming'oma
• Khalani ndi zilonda zapakati zozunguliridwa ndi mphete zofiira, zotchedwanso chandamale, iris, kapena ng'ombe-diso
• Mukhale ndi zotumphukira kapena zotupa zamadzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
• Khalani kumtunda, miyendo, mikono, mitengo ya kanjedza, manja, kapena mapazi
• Phatikizani nkhope kapena milomo
• Kuwonekera mofanana mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi (zofanana)

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Maso ofinya
• Maso owuma
• Kuwotcha maso, kuyabwa, ndi kutulutsa
• Kupweteka kwa diso
• Zilonda za pakamwa
• Mavuto masomphenya

Pali mitundu iwiri ya EM:

• EM zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhudza khungu ndipo nthawi zina zilonda zam'kamwa.
• Akuluakulu a EM nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi malungo komanso ophatikizana. Kupatula zilonda za pakhungu ndi zilonda zam'kamwa, pakhoza kukhala zilonda m'maso, kumaliseche, m'mapapo m'mapapo, kapena m'matumbo.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayang'ana khungu lanu kuti mupeze EM. Mudzafunsidwa za mbiri yanu yachipatala, monga matenda aposachedwa kapena mankhwala omwe mwatenga.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Chikopa cha khungu
• Kufufuza kwa khungu pakhungu pansi pa microscope

EM nthawi zambiri imachoka yokha popanda chithandizo.

Wothandizira anu adzasiya kumwa mankhwala alionse omwe angayambitse vutoli. Koma, osasiya kumwa mankhwala nokha osalankhula ndi omwe akukuthandizani kaye.

Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala, monga antihistamines, oletsa kuyabwa
• Chinyezi chimakanikizika pakhungu
• Mankhwala opweteka kuti achepetse kutentha thupi komanso kusapeza bwino
• Pakamwa pamatsuka kuti muchepetse zilonda zam'kamwa zomwe zimasokoneza kudya ndi kumwa
• Maantibayotiki opatsirana khungu
• Corticosteroids kuti athetse kutupa
• Mankhwala azizindikiro zamaso

Ukhondo wabwino ungathandize kupewa matenda achiwiri (matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chothandizira matenda oyamba).

Kugwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa, zovala zoteteza, komanso kupewa kuwonongedwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa kumatha kuletsa kubwereranso kwa EM.

Mitundu yofatsa ya EM nthawi zambiri imakhala bwino m'masabata awiri kapena 6, koma vuto limatha kubwerera.

Zovuta za EM zitha kuphatikiza:

• Mtundu wa khungu wolimba
• Kubwerera kwa EM, makamaka ndi matenda a HSV

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za EM.

EM; Erythema multiforme yaying'ono; Erythema multiforme wamkulu; Erythema multiforme zazing'ono - erythema multiforme von Hebra; Pachimake bullous matenda - erythema multiforme; Herpes simplex - erythema multiforme

• Erythema multiforme m'manja
• Erythema multiforme, zotupa zozungulira - manja
• Erythema multiforme, yolunjika zotupa pachikhatho
• Erythema multiforme pamiyendo
• Erythema multiforme padzanja
• Kutulutsidwa kutsatira erythroderma

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Holland KE, Wachinyamata PJ. Zotupa zopezeka mwa mwana wamkulu. Mu: Kleigman RM, Lye PS, Bordini BJ, Toth H, Basel D, olemba. Kuzindikira Kwa Matenda a Nelson Pediatric. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 48.

Rubenstein JB, Spektor T. Conjunctivitis: wopatsirana komanso wopanda matenda. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 4.6.

Alireza. Urticaria ndi erythema multiforme. Mu: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, eds. Mfundo ndi Zochita za Matenda Opatsirana a Ana. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 72.