Mankhwala a khansa

Ngati muli ndi khansa, adokotala amalangiza njira imodzi kapena zingapo zochizira matendawa. Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri ndi opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi radiation. Zosankha zina ndi monga chithandizo chothandizira, immunotherapy, laser, hormonal therapy, ndi ena. Nayi chidule cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana a khansa ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira mitundu yambiri ya khansa. Pochita opaleshoniyi, dokotalayo amatulutsa maselo a khansa (chotupa) ndi minofu ina yapafupi. Nthawi zina, opaleshoni imachitika kuti muchepetse zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi chotupa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy amatanthauza mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa pakamwa kapena mumtsuko wamagazi (IV). Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala imatha kuperekedwa limodzi nthawi imodzi kapena imzake.

Mafunde

Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena nthanga za radioactive kupha maselo a khansa. Maselo a khansa amakula ndikugawana mwachangu kuposa ma cell wamba mthupi. Chifukwa ma radiation ndi owopsa kumaselo omwe akukula mwachangu, ma radiation amawononga ma cell a khansa kuposa ma cell wamba. Izi zimalepheretsa maselo a khansa kuti akule ndikugawana, ndikupangitsa kufa kwama cell.

Mitundu ikuluikulu yamankhwalawa ndi:

• Mtengo wakunja. Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri. Imayang'ana ma X-ray kapena tinthu tomwe timatuluka pachotupa kuchokera kunja kwa thupi.
• Mtengo wamkati. Fomuyi imapereka radiation mkati mwa thupi lanu. Angaperekedwe ndi mbewu za radioactive zoyikidwa kapena pafupi ndi chotupacho; madzi kapena mapiritsi omwe mumameza; kapena kudzera mumitsempha (intravenous, kapena IV).

Njira Zochiritsira

Chithandizo chomwe akuyembekeza chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuletsa khansa kukula ndikufalikira. Imachita izi mosavulaza ma cell wamba kuposa mankhwala ena.

Chemotherapy yokhazikika imagwira ntchito popha ma cell a khansa ndimaselo ena abwinobwino. Zolinga zamankhwala zimayang'aniridwa pazolunjika (ma molekyulu) m'maselo a khansa. Zolingazi zimathandizira momwe ma cell a khansa amakulira ndikupulumuka. Pogwiritsa ntchito zolingazi, mankhwalawa amalepheretsa maselo a khansa kuti asafalikire.

Mankhwala othandizira omwe amagwira ntchito amagwiranso ntchito m'njira zingapo. Atha:

• Zimitsani njirayi m'maselo a khansa omwe amawapangitsa kuti akule ndikufalikira
• Yambitsani maselo a khansa kuti afe okha
• Iphani maselo a khansa mwachindunji

Njira zochiritsira zimaperekedwa ngati piritsi kapena IV.

Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi mtundu wa chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimadalira kuthekera kwa thupi kulimbana ndi matenda (chitetezo chamthupi). Amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi thupi kapena labu kuti zithandizire chitetezo cha mthupi kugwira ntchito molimbika kapena m'njira yolimbana kwambiri ndi khansa. Izi zimathandiza thupi lanu kuchotsa maselo a khansa.

Immunotherapy imagwira ntchito ndi:

• Kuyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa
• Kuteteza khansa kuti isafalikire mbali zina za thupi
• Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuthana ndi maselo a khansa

Mankhwalawa adapangidwa kuti azitha kufunafuna ndikuukira magawo ena amtundu wa khansa. Ena ali ndi poizoni kapena zinthu zina zowulutsa ma radio zomwe amamangirirapo. Immunotherapy imaperekedwa ndi IV.

Thandizo la Hormonal

Mankhwala a Hormone amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi mahomoni, monga mawere, prostate, ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Zimagwiritsa ntchito maopareshoni, kapena mankhwala kuletsa kapena kuletsa mahomoni achilengedwe amthupi. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Kuchita opareshoni kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa ziwalo zomwe zimapanga mahomoni: thumba losunga mazira kapena ma testes. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ndi jakisoni kapena mapiritsi.

Matenda oopsa

Hyperthermia imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuwononga ndikupha ma cell a khansa popanda kuwononga maselo abwinobwino.

Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa:

• Malo ang'onoang'ono am'maselo, monga chotupa
• Ziwalo za thupi, monga chiwalo kapena chiwalo
• Thupi lonse

Kutentha kumatulutsidwa pamakina kunja kwa thupi kapena kudzera mu singano kapena kafukufuku yemwe adayikidwa chotupacho.

Chithandizo Cha Laser

Mankhwala a Laser amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kocheperako, kowunikira kuwononga maselo a khansa. Mankhwala a Laser atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwononga zotupa ndi zotupa zenizeni
• Chepetsani zotupa zomwe zikulepheretsa m'mimba, m'matumbo, kapena m'mero
• Thandizani kuchiza matenda a khansa, monga magazi
• Sindikizani kutha kwamitsempha mukatha opaleshoni kuti muchepetse ululu
• Sindikiza zotengera zam'mimba mutachitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchepetse kutupa ndikusunga ma cell am'mimba kuti asafalikire

Mankhwala a Laser nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu chowonda, chowunikira chomwe chimayikidwa mkati mwa thupi. Mitambo yoluka kumapeto kwa chubu imawunikira kuwala kwamaselo a khansa. Lasers amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakhungu.

Lasers amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mitundu ina ya chithandizo cha khansa monga radiation ndi chemotherapy.

Thandizo la Photodynamic

Mu chithandizo cha photodynamic, munthu amalandira kuwombera kwa mankhwala omwe amamvetsetsa kuwala kwapadera. Mankhwalawa amakhala m'maselo a khansa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe amakhalira m'maselo athanzi. Kenako, adokotala amatsogolera kuwala kuchokera ku laser kapena gwero lina kumaselo a khansa. Kuwala kumasintha mankhwalawo kukhala chinthu chomwe chimapha ma cell a khansa.

Cryotherapy

Amatchedwanso cryosurgery, mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wozizira kwambiri kuzizira ndi kupha maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza maselo omwe amatha kukhala khansa (yotchedwa pre-cancerous cell) pakhungu kapena khomo pachibelekeropo, mwachitsanzo. Madokotala amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera kuperekera cryotherapy kuzotupa m'thupi, monga chiwindi kapena prostate.

Tsamba la American Cancer Society. Mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Idapezeka pa Novembala 11, 2019.

Doroshow JH. Yandikirani kwa wodwala khansa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 169.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Mitundu yothandizira khansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types. Inapezeka pa Novembala 11, 2019.

• Khansa