Immunotherapy khansa

Immunotherapy ndi mtundu wa chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimadalira chitetezo chamthupi (chitetezo chamthupi). Amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi thupi kapena labu kuti zithandizire chitetezo cha mthupi kugwira ntchito molimbika kapena m'njira yolimbana kwambiri ndi khansa. Izi zimathandiza thupi lanu kuchotsa maselo a khansa.

Immunotherapy imagwira ntchito ndi:

• Kuyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa
• Kuteteza khansa kuti isafalikire mbali zina za thupi
• Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuthana ndi maselo a khansa

Pali mitundu ingapo ya immunotherapy ya khansa.

Chitetezo cha mthupi chimateteza thupi kumatenda. Imachita izi pozindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi ndikupanga mapuloteni omwe amamenya matenda. Mapuloteniwa amatchedwa ma antibodies.

Asayansi amatha kupanga ma antibodies apadera mu labu omwe amafufuza ma cell a khansa m'malo mwa bacteria. Amatchedwa ma monoclonal antibodies, nawonso ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amalimbana nawo.

Ma antibodies a monoclonal amagwira ntchito pomamatira kuma cell a khansa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo ena opangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi asavutike kupeza, kuwukira, ndikupha ma cell.

Ma antibodies ena monoclonal amagwira ntchito potseka zikwangwani pamwamba pa khungu la khansa zomwe zimauza kuti igawane.

Mtundu wina wa anti-monoclonal antibody umanyamula cheza kapena mankhwala a chemotherapy kuma cell a khansa. Zinthu zopha khansa izi zimalumikizidwa ndi ma monoclonal antibodies, omwe amapititsa poizoni m'maselo a khansa.

Ma antibodies a monoclonal tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yambiri ya khansa.

Ma "Checkpoints" ndi mamolekyulu apadera pamaselo ena amthupi omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayatsa kapena kutseka kuti apange chitetezo chamthupi. Maselo a khansa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malowa kuti asagwidwe ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors ndi mtundu watsopano wa antioclonal antibody yomwe imagwira ntchito m'malo awa kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chitha kuwononga ma cell a khansa.

PD-1 zoletsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa.

PD-L1 zoletsa chitani khansa ya chikhodzodzo, khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi Merkel cell carcinoma, ndipo akuyesedwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo CTLA-4 chitani khansa ya pakhungu, khansa ya impso, ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya khansa yomwe ikuwonetsa mitundu ina ya masinthidwe.

Njira zochiritsira izi zimathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi m'njira yayikulu kuposa ma monoclonal antibodies. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) amathandiza maselo amthupi kukula ndikugawana mwachangu. Mtundu wopangidwa ndi labu wa IL-2 umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafuta apamwamba a khansa ya impso ndi khansa ya pakhungu.

Interferon alpha (INF-alfa) zimapangitsa kuti maselo ena amthupi azitha kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo pochiza:

• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Matenda myelogenous khansa
• Otsatira omwe si a Hodgkin lymphoma
• T-cell lymphoma yocheperako
• Khansa ya impso
• Khansa ya pakhungu
• Kaposi sarcoma

Chithandizo chamtunduwu chimagwiritsa ntchito ma virus omwe asinthidwa mu labu kuti apatsire ndikupha ma cell a khansa. Maselowa akamwalira, amatulutsa zinthu zotchedwa ma antigen. Ma antigen awa amauza chitetezo cha mthupi kuthana ndi kupha ma cell ena a khansa mthupi.

Mtundu wa immunotherapy pano umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza khansa ya khansa.

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala osiyanasiyana a khansa amasiyana ndi mtundu wa chithandizo. Zotsatira zina zimachitika pomwe jakisoni kapena IV imalowa mthupi, ndikupangitsa kuti malowo akhale:

• Zowawa kapena zopweteka
• Kutupa
• Ofiira
• Zovuta

Zotsatira zina zoyipa ndizo:

• Zizindikiro ngati chimfine (malungo, kuzizira, kufooka, mutu)
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Zilonda kapena zolumikizana
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri
• Mutu
• Kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kutupa kwa chiwindi, mapapo, ziwalo za endocrine, m'mimba, kapena khungu

Mankhwalawa amathanso kuyambitsa zovuta, nthawi zina zakupha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika ndi zosakaniza zina. Komabe, izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Thandizo lachilengedwe; Biotherapy

Cancer.Net tsamba lawebusayiti. Kumvetsetsa immunotherapy. www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/immunotherapy-and-vaccines/understanding-immunotherapy. Idasinthidwa Januware, 2019. Idapezeka pa Marichi 27, 2020.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Maselo a CAR T: opanga ma cell a chitetezo cha odwala kuti athetse khansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/research/car-t-cells. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 30, 2019. Idapezeka pa Marichi 27, 2020.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Immunotherapy yothandizira khansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy. Idasinthidwa pa Seputembara 24, 2019. Idapezeka pa Marichi 27, 2020.

Tseng D, Schultz L, Pardoll D, Mackall C. Khansa yoteteza thupi. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 6.

• Khansa Immunotherapy