Matenda achizungu

Schizophrenia ndimatenda amisala omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa zenizeni ndi zosakhala zenizeni.

Zimapangitsanso kuti zikhale zovuta kuganiza bwino, kukhala ndi mayankho abwinobwino, komanso kuchita bwino pagulu.

Schizophrenia ndi matenda ovuta. Akatswiri azaumoyo sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa. Chibadwa chingatenge gawo.

Schizophrenia imapezeka mwa amuna ambiri monga akazi. Nthawi zambiri zimayambira paunyamata, koma zimatha kuyamba pambuyo pake. Kwa akazi, zimayamba kuyamba pang'ono pang'ono.

Schizophrenia mwa ana nthawi zambiri imayamba atakwanitsa zaka 5. Matenda aubwana ndi osowa ndipo amatha kukhala ovuta kuwafotokozera kupatula zovuta zina zakukula.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono pakapita miyezi kapena zaka. Munthuyo akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikilo zambiri, kapena zochepa chabe.

Anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia atha kukhala ndi zovuta kusunga anzawo ndikugwira ntchito. Amathanso kukhala ndi nkhawa ndi nkhawa, kukhumudwa, malingaliro ofuna kudzipha kapena machitidwe awo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kukwiya kapena kukwiya
• Kuvuta kulingalira
• Kuvuta kugona

Pamene matendawa akupitilirabe, munthuyo atha kukhala ndimavuto amalingaliro, momwe akumvera, komanso machitidwe, kuphatikiza:

• Kumva kapena kuwona zinthu zomwe kulibe (kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo)
• Kudzipatula
• Kuchepetsa kutulutsa mawu ndi mawu kapena mawonekedwe a nkhope
• Mavuto akumvetsetsa ndikupanga zisankho
• Mavuto akumvetsera ndikutsatira zochitika
• Zikhulupiriro zolimba zomwe sizowona (zonyenga)
• Kuyankhula munjira yosamveka

Palibe zoyeserera zamankhwala kuti mupeze schizophrenia. Katswiri wazamisala akuyenera kumuwunika munthuyo ndikumupeza. Matendawa amapangidwa potengera kuyankhulana kwa munthuyo ndi abale ake.

Katswiri wazamisala adzafunsa izi:

• Kutalika kwazizindikiro
• Momwe magwiridwe antchito a munthu asinthira
• Momwe mbiri yakukula kwa munthuyo inali
• Za mbiri ya munthuyo komanso banja lake
• Momwe mankhwala agwirira ntchito bwino
• Kaya munthuyo ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Matenda ena omwe munthu ali nawo

Kusanthula kwamaubongo (monga CT kapena MRI) ndi kuyesa magazi kumatha kuthandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zofananira.

Pa nthawi ya schizophrenia, munthuyo angafunike kukhala mchipatala chifukwa chachitetezo.

MANKHWALA

Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic ndiwo mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a schizophrenia. Amasintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala muubongo ndipo amatha kuthandizira kuwongolera zizindikilo.

Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto, koma zovuta zambiri zimatha kuyendetsedwa. Zotsatira zoyipa siziyenera kulepheretsa munthu kulandira chithandizo cha vuto lalikulu ili.

Zotsatira zoyipa za antipsychotic zitha kuphatikiza:

• Chizungulire
• Kumva kusowa mtendere kapena jitteriness
• Kugona (kutengeka)
• Kuchedwa kuyenda
• Kugwedezeka
• Kulemera
• Matenda a shuga
• Cholesterol wokwera

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma antipsychotic kwakanthawi kumachulukitsa chiopsezo cha vuto loyenda lotchedwa tardive dyskinesia. Vutoli limayambitsa mayendedwe obwereza omwe munthu sangathe kuwongolera. Itanani azachipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti inu kapena abale anu mungakhale ndi vutoli chifukwa cha mankhwala.

Ngati schizophrenia sichikula ndi antipsychotic, mankhwala ena amatha kuyesedwa.

Schizophrenia ndi matenda okhalitsa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli amafunika kukhalabe ndi antipsychotic kwa moyo wawo wonse.

MUZITHANDIZA NDONDOMEKO NDI MANKHWALA

Thandizo lothandizira lingakhale lothandiza kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. Njira zamakhalidwe, monga maphunziro aukadaulo, zitha kuthandiza kuti munthu azigwira bwino ntchito pazochita ndi magwiridwe antchito. Maphunziro a ntchito ndi makalasi omanga ubale nawonso ndi ofunikira.

Achibale komanso omwe akuwasamalira ndiofunikira kwambiri pakumwa mankhwala. Therapy imatha kuphunzitsa maluso ofunikira, monga:

• Kulimbana ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimapitilira, ngakhale mukumwa mankhwala
• Kutsata moyo wathanzi, kuphatikiza kugona mokwanira komanso kukhala kutali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kumwa mankhwala moyenera ndikuwongolera zovuta zina
• Kuyang'anira kubwerera kwa zizindikiro, ndikudziwa zoyenera kuchita akabwerera
• Kupeza chithandizo choyenera

Chiyembekezo ndi chovuta kuneneratu. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zimasintha ndi mankhwala. Koma anthu ambiri atha kukhala ndi vuto logwira ntchito. Ali pachiwopsezo chobwereza zigawo, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodzipha.

Anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia angafunike nyumba, maphunziro pantchito, ndi madongosolo ena othandizira anthu ammudzi. Omwe ali ndi mitundu yoopsa kwambiri yamatendawa sangathe kukhala okha. Mwina angafunike kukhala m'nyumba zamagulu kapena nyumba zina zanthawi yayitali.

Zizindikiro zimakhala zobwerera mankhwala atayimitsidwa.

Kukhala ndi schizophrenia kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha:

• Kukulitsa vuto la mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumachulukitsa mwayi woti zisonyezo zibwererenso.
• Matenda athupi. Izi ndichifukwa chokhala opanda ntchito komanso zoyipa zamankhwala.
• Kudzipha.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati inu (kapena wachibale):

• Imvani mawu omwe akukuuzani kuti mudzipweteke nokha kapena ena
• Khalani ndi chidwi chodzivulaza nokha kapena ena
• Khalani amantha kapena othedwa nzeru
• Onani zinthu zomwe sizikupezeka
• Dziwani kuti simungathe kuchoka panyumbapo
• Dziwani kuti simungathe kudzisamalira

Schizophrenia sitingapewe.

Zizindikiro zitha kupewedwa ndikumwa mankhwala monga momwe adalangizira adotolo. Zizindikiro zimatha kubwerera ngati mankhwala atayimitsidwa.

Kusintha kapena kuimitsa mankhwala kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi dokotala yemwe wakuuzani.

Matenda amisala - schizophrenia; Matenda a psychotic - schizophrenia

• Matenda achizungu

Msonkhano wa American Psychiatric. Matenda a Schizophrenia ndi zovuta zina zama psychotic. Mu: American Psychiatric Association. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwama Psychiatric ku America; 2013: 87-122.

Freudenreich O, Brown IYE, Holt DJ. Psychosis ndi schizophrenia. Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 28.

Lee ES, Kronsberg H, Wopeza RL. Chithandizo cha Psychopharmacologic cha Schizophrenia mu Achinyamata ndi Ana. Ana Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. Chizindikiro. 2020; 29 (1): 183-210. PMID: 31708047 adasankhidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31708047.

[Adasankhidwa] McClellan J, Stock S; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Komiti Yokhudza Mavuto Abwino (CQI). Yesetsani kuwerengera ndikuwunika kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. J Am Acad Mwana Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013; 52 (9): 976-990. PMID: 23972700 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23972700.