Matenda a shuga - mankhwala a insulin

Insulini ndi timadzi tomwe timapangidwa ndi kapamba kuti tithandizire kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kusunga shuga. Shuga ndi gwero la mafuta m'thupi.

Ndi matenda ashuga, thupi silimatha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (wotchedwa glycemia kapena shuga wamagazi). Thandizo la insulin limatha kuthandiza anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti azikhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Zakudya zamadzimadzi kuchokera pachakudya zimasweka kukhala shuga ndi shuga wina. Shuga amatenga kuchokera kumagawo am'magazi ndikupita m'magazi. Insulini imachepetsa shuga m'magazi polola kuti isunthe kuchokera m'magazi ndikupita minofu, mafuta, ndi maselo ena, pomwe amatha kusungidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta. Insulin amauzanso chiwindi kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumatuluka mukamasala kudya (simunadyeko chaposachedwa).

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi shuga wambiri chifukwa thupi lawo silipanga insulini yokwanira kapena chifukwa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi insulini moyenera.

• Ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga woyamba kapamba amapanga insulin pang'ono.
• Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, mafuta, chiwindi, ndi minofu samayankha molondola ku insulin. Izi zimatchedwa insulin kukana. Popita nthawi, kapamba amasiya kupanga insulin yambiri.

Mankhwala a insulin amalowa m'malo mwa insulin yomwe thupi limapanga. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ayenera kumwa insulin tsiku lililonse.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amafunika kumwa insulin pomwe mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena amalephera kuletsa shuga.

Mlingo wa insulini amaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

• Mlingo woyambira - Amapereka insulini nthawi zonse usana ndi usiku. Izi zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi magazi m'magazi poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe chiwindi chimatulutsa.
• Bolus mlingo - Amapereka mlingo wa insulini pachakudya kuti athandize kusuntha shuga wambiri m'magazi kulowa minofu ndi mafuta. Mlingo wa Bolus amathanso kuthandizira kukonza shuga wamagazi ikakwera kwambiri. Mlingo wa Bolus amatchedwanso kuti zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena nthawi yakudya.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini yomwe ilipo. Mitundu ya insulin imakhazikitsidwa potengera izi:

• Yoyambira - imayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu pambuyo pa jakisoni
• Peak - nthawi yomwe mlingo wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wothandiza kwambiri
• Kutalika - nthawi yonse yomwe mulingo wa insulini umakhala m'magazi ndikuchepetsa shuga

M'munsimu muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini:

• Kuchita mwachangu kapena insulin mwachangu imayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 15, imakhala yokwera mu ola limodzi, ndipo imakhala maola 4. Amatengedwa asanadye kapena atangomaliza kudya ndikudya. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin yanthawi yayitali.
• Insulini yokhazikika kapena yochepa imafika m'magazi patatha mphindi 30 kuchokera pomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, imakwera mkati mwa maola awiri kapena atatu, ndipo imatenga maola 3 mpaka 6. Izi zimatengedwa theka la ola musanadye komanso zokhwasula-khwasula. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin yanthawi yayitali.
• Kuchita kwapakatikati kapena insulin yoyambira imayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa 2 mpaka 4 maola, imakwera maola 4 mpaka 12, ndipo imatha maola 12 mpaka 18. Izi zimatengedwa makamaka kawiri patsiku kapena nthawi yogona.
• Insulini yotenga nthawi yayitali imayamba kugwira ntchito patatha maola ochepa mutabayidwa ndipo imagwira ntchito pafupifupi maola 24, nthawi zina kupitirira apo. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa shuga tsiku lonse. Nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi insulini yofulumira kapena yofupikitsa ngati ikufunika.
• Insulini yosakanikirana kapena yosakanikirana ndi mitundu iwiri ya insulin. Ili ndi mlingo woyambira komanso wolimba womwe umathandizira kuyamwa shuga mukatha kudya komanso tsiku lonse.
• Kupuma insulini Ndiwofulumira wopumira wa insulin ufa womwe umayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 15 mugwiritse ntchito. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito asanadye.

Mtundu umodzi kapena ingapo ya insulini itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kuti muchepetse shuga wanu wamagazi. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulini komanso mankhwala ena ashuga. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzagwira nanu ntchito kuti akupezereni mankhwala oyenera.

Wothandizira anu adzakuuzani nthawi komanso kangati muyenera kumwa insulini. Kukhazikitsa kwanu kudalira:

• Kulemera kwako
• Mtundu wa insulini womwe mumatenga
• Zambiri ndi zomwe mumadya
• Mulingo wolimbitsa thupi
• Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi anu
• Matenda ena

Wothandizira anu akhoza kuwerengera mlingo wa insulini kwa inu. Wothandizira anu amakuuziraninso momwe mungayang'anire shuga wamagazi anu komanso nthawi yomwe mumayendera masana ndi usiku.

Insulini siyingatengedwe pakamwa chifukwa asidi wam'mimba amawononga insulin. Nthawi zambiri amabayidwa pansi pa khungu mumafuta. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera insulini zomwe zimapezeka:

• Jekeseni wa insulini - Insulini imachokera ku botolo kulowa mu syringe. Pogwiritsa ntchito singano, mumalowetsa insulini pansi pa khungu.
• Pampu ya insulini - makina ang'onoang'ono ovala thupi amatulutsa insulini pansi pa khungu tsiku lonse. Chitubu chaching'ono chimalumikiza pampu ndi singano yaying'ono yolowetsedwa pakhungu.
• Cholembera cha insulini - zolembera zotulutsa insulini zamasulira insulini yobereka pansi pa khungu pogwiritsa ntchito singano yosinthika.
• Kukoka - kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene mumagwiritsa ntchito kupumira ufa wa insulin pakamwa panu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa chakudya.
• Jekeseni la jekeseni - chubu lalifupi amalowetsedwa mu minofu pansi pa khungu. Doko lokhala ndi chubu limamatira pakhungu pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yomatira. Insulini yothamanga imalowetsedwa mu chubu pogwiritsa ntchito sirinji kapena cholembera. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito malo omwewo a jekeseni masiku atatu musanazungulire kumalo atsopano.

Mutha kuyankhulana ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo wanu mukamasankha njira yobweretsera insulin.

Insulini imalowetsedwa m'malo awa m'thupi:

• Mimba
• Pamwamba mkono
• Ntchafu
• Chiuno

Wopezayo amakuphunzitsani momwe mungapangire jakisoni wa insulin kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mpope wa insulini kapena chida china.

Muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasinthire kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe mumamwa:

• Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Mukamadwala
• Pamene mudzakhala mukudya pang'ono kapena pang'ono
• Mukamayenda
• Asanachite opaleshoni kapena pambuyo pake

Ngati mukumwa insulini, funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mukuganiza kuti mungafunikire kusintha njira yanu ya insulin
• Muli ndi vuto lililonse kutenga insulin
• Shuga yamagazi anu ndi okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri ndipo simukumvetsa chifukwa chake

Matenda a shuga - insulini

• Pampu ya insulini
• Kupanga kwa insulin ndi matenda ashuga

Tsamba la American Diabetes Association. Maziko a insulini. www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/insulin/insulin-basics.html. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 16, 2015. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 14, 2018.

Bungwe la American Diabetes Association. 8. Pharmacologic imayandikira chithandizo cha glycemic: Miyezo Yachipatala mu Shuga-2018. Chisamaliro cha shuga. 2018; 41 (Suppl 1): S73-S85. PMID: 29222379 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222379. (Adasankhidwa)

Nyuzipepala ya National Institute of Diabetes ndi Digestive and Impso. Insulini, mankhwala, ndi mankhwala ena ashuga. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-zithandizo. Idasinthidwa Novembala 2016. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 14, 2018.

Tsamba la U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Insulini. www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/WomensHealthTopics/ucm216233.htm. Idasinthidwa pa February 16, 2018. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 14, 2018.

• Mankhwala a shuga