Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis ndi kutupa ndi ntchentche yomanga m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ampweya m'mapapu (bronchioles). Nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana.

Bronchiolitis nthawi zambiri imakhudza ana osakwana zaka 2, ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 3 mpaka 6. Ndi matenda wamba, komanso nthawi zina. Kupuma kwa syncytial virus (RSV) ndichomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Oposa theka la makanda onse amatenga kachilomboka patsiku lawo lobadwa.

Mavairasi ena omwe angayambitse bronchiolitis ndi awa:

• Adenovirus
• Fuluwenza
• Parainfluenza

Tizilomboti timafalikira kwa ana mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madzi amphuno ndi mmero a munthu amene ali ndi matendawa. Izi zitha kuchitika mwana wina kapena wamkulu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo:

• Kupumira kapena kutsokomola pafupi ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono mumlengalenga amapumira mwa khanda
• Amakhudza zoseweretsa kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi khanda

Bronchiolitis imachitika nthawi zambiri kugwa ndi nthawi yozizira kuposa nthawi zina pachaka. Ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri kuti makanda agonekedwe mchipatala nthawi yachisanu komanso koyambirira kwamasika.

Zowopsa za bronchiolitis ndizo:

• Kukhala mozungulira utsi wa ndudu
• Kukhala ochepera miyezi 6
• Kukhala m'malo odzaza anthu
• Osayamwitsidwa
• Kubadwa pasanathe milungu 37 ya mimba

Ana ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena zochepa.

Bronchiolitis imayamba ngati matenda opatsirana apamwamba. Pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena atatu, mwana amakhala ndi mavuto opuma, kuphatikizapo kupuma komanso kutsokomola.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Khungu labuluu chifukwa chosowa mpweya (cyanosis) - chithandizo chadzidzidzi chimafunikira
• Kupuma kovuta kuphatikiza kupuma komanso kupuma movutikira
• Tsokomola
• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Minofu yozungulira nthiti imalowa mkati momwe mwana amayesera kupuma (wotchedwa intercostal retriers)
• Mphuno za khanda zimakulira ndikamapuma
• Kupuma mofulumira (tachypnea)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Phokoso lakulira ndi phokoso limamveka kudzera mu stethoscope.

Nthawi zambiri, bronchiolitis imatha kupezeka potengera zizindikilo ndi mayeso.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Mpweya wamagazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Chikhalidwe cha chitsanzo cha madzi amphuno kuti mudziwe kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa

Chofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro, monga kupuma movutikira komanso kupuma. Ana ena angafunike kukhala mchipatala ngati mavuto awo akupuma samakula akamawonedwa kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala.

Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana. Mankhwala omwe amachiza ma virus atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza ana odwala kwambiri.

Kunyumba, njira zothanirana ndi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:

• Muuzeni mwana wanu kuti amwe madzi ambiri. Mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mkaka wa mkaka ndi wabwino kwa ana ochepera miyezi 12. Zakumwa zamagetsi, monga Pedialyte, ndizabwino kwa makanda.
• Muuzeni mwana wanu kuti apume mpweya wonyowa kuti athandize kumasula mamina. Gwiritsani chopangira chinyezi kuti moisten mpweya.
• Apatseni mwana wanu madontho amphuno amchere. Kenako gwiritsani babu loyamwa m'mphuno kuti muthane ndi mphuno yothinana.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu akupuma mokwanira.

Musalole aliyense kusuta m'nyumba, mgalimoto, kapena paliponse pafupi ndi mwana wanu. Ana omwe akuvutika kupuma angafunike kukhala mchipatala. Kumeneko, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira chithandizo cha oxygen ndi madzi omwe amaperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (IV).

Kupuma nthawi zambiri kumakhala bwino pofika tsiku lachitatu ndipo zizindikilo zimawonekera patangotha ​​sabata. Nthawi zambiri, chibayo kapena mavuto opumira kwambiri amakula.

Ana ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto la kufinya kapena mphumu akamakula.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi ngati mwana wanu:

• Amakhala wotopa kwambiri
• Ali ndi mtundu wabuluu pakhungu, misomali, kapena milomo
• Iyamba kupuma mofulumira kwambiri
• Ali ndi chimfine chomwe chimakula mwadzidzidzi
• Amavutika kupuma
• Amakhala ndi mphuno kapena zotengera pachifuwa poyesera kupuma

Matenda ambiri a bronchiolitis sangathe kupewedwa chifukwa ma virus omwe amayambitsa matendawa amapezeka ponseponse. Kusamba m'manja mosamala, makamaka mozungulira makanda, kumathandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa ma virus.

Mankhwala otchedwa palivizumab (Synagis) omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi atha kulimbikitsidwa kwa ana ena. Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzakudziwitsani ngati mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa mwana wanu.

Kupuma virus ya syncytial - bronchiolitis; Chimfine - bronchiolitis; Kupuma - bronchiolitis

• Bronchiolitis - kumaliseche
• Momwe mungapume mukakhala ndi mpweya wochepa
• Kuteteza kwa oxygen
• Ngalande zapambuyo pake
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kunyumba
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kunyumba - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Bronchiolitis
• Mapapu abwinobwino ndi alveoli

Nyumba SA, Ralston SL. Kupuma, bronchiolitis, ndi bronchitis. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 418.

Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS; American Academy of Pediatrics, ndi al. Chitsogozo chazachipatala: kuzindikira, kasamalidwe, ndi kupewa kwa bronchiolitis. Matenda. 2014; 134 (5): e1474-e1502. PMID: 25349312 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312. (Adasankhidwa)

Walsh EE, Englund JA. Kachilombo kamene kayambitsa matenda ya mapapu. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 158.