Kukula kwa macular okalamba

Kusokonekera kwa ma Macular ndimatenda amaso omwe amawononga pang'onopang'ono masomphenya akuthwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwona bwino ndikuwerenga.

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuchepa kwazaka zambiri (ARMD kapena AMD).

Diso liri kumbuyo kwa diso. Amasintha kuwala ndi zithunzi zomwe zimalowa m'diso muzizindikiro zamitsempha zomwe zimatumizidwa kuubongo. Gawo la diso lotchedwa macula limapangitsa masomphenya kukhala okulirapo komanso atsatanetsatane. Ndi malo achikaso pakatikati pa diso. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri yachilengedwe (mitundu ya nkhumba) yotchedwa lutein ndi zeaxanthin.

AMD imayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka macula. Kusinthaku kumayambitsanso macula.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya AMD:

• AMD youma imachitika pamene mitsempha yamagazi pansi pa macula imakhala yopyapyala komanso yopindika. Ndalama zazing'ono zachikaso, zotchedwa drusen, mawonekedwe. Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe alibe macular amayamba ndi mawonekedwe owuma.
• Madzi amadzimadzi amapezeka pafupifupi 10% ya anthu omwe alibe macular. Mitsempha yatsopano yachilendo komanso yosalimba imamera pansi pa macula. Zombozi zimatulutsa magazi ndi madzi. Mtundu wa AMD umayambitsa kutayika kwamasomphenya komwe kumakhudzana ndi vutoli.

Madokotala sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa AMD. Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri asanakwanitse zaka 55. Amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka 75 kapena kupitilira apo.

Zowopsa za AMD ndi izi:

• Mbiri ya banja la AMD
• Kukhala Mzungu
• Kusuta ndudu
• Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri
• Kukhala mkazi

Simungakhale ndi zizindikilo poyamba. Matendawa akamakulirakulira, mutha kukhala ndi mavuto ndi masomphenya anu apakati.

Zizindikiro youma AMD

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha AMD youma ndi kusawona bwino. Zinthu zomwe zili pakatikati pa masomphenya anu nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zosokonekera komanso zazing'ono, ndipo mitundu imawoneka ngati yazimiririka. Mwina mungavutike kuwerenga zolemba kapena kuwona zina. Koma mutha kuwona bwino kuyenda komanso kuchita zambiri tsiku lililonse.

Pamene AMD yowuma ikuipiraipira, mungafunike kuwala kochuluka kuti muwerenge kapena kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Malo akhungu pakati pa masomphenya pang'onopang'ono amakula ndikuda.

M'magawo am'mbuyo a AMD owuma, simungathe kuzindikira nkhope mpaka atayandikira.

ZIZINDIKIRO ZA WETE AMD

Chizindikiro choyambirira kwambiri cha AMD yonyowa ndikuti mizere yolunjika imawoneka yopotoka komanso yopepuka.

Pakhoza kukhala malo akuda pang'ono pakati pa masomphenya anu omwe amakula pakapita nthawi.

Ndi mitundu yonse iwiri ya AMD, kutayika kwapakati kumatha kuchitika mwachangu. Izi zikachitika, muyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi dotolo wamaso. Onetsetsani kuti dotolo wamaso ali ndi chidziwitso pochiza mavuto ndi diso.

Mukapimidwa maso. Madontho adzaikidwa m'maso mwanu kuti mufutukule (kuchepetsa) ophunzira anu. Dokotala wamaso amagwiritsa ntchito magalasi apadera kuti awone diso lanu, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mitsempha yamawonedwe.

Dokotala wamaso adzafuna kusintha kwakanthawi mu macula ndi mitsempha yamagazi komanso Drusen.

Mutha kufunsidwa kuti mutseke diso limodzi ndikuyang'ana mtundu wa mizere yotchedwa grid ya Amsler. Ngati mizere yolunjika ikuwoneka yavy, itha kukhala chizindikiro cha AMD.

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera ndi kamera kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa magazi mu diso (fluorescein angiogram)
• Kutenga chithunzi chakumaso kwa diso (fundus photography)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde owala kuti muwone diso (optical coherence tomography)
• Chiyeso chomwe chimayeza pigment mu macula

Ngati mwapita patsogolo kapena pakuuma AMD, palibe mankhwala omwe angabwezeretse masomphenya anu.

Ngati muli ndi AMD yoyambirira ndipo simusuta, kuphatikiza mavitamini, ma antioxidants, ndi zinc kumatha kupewa matendawa. Koma sichingakupatseni masomphenya omwe atayika kale.

Kuphatikizako nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "AREDS" chilinganizo. Zowonjezera zili ndi:

• 500 milligrams (mg) wa vitamini C
• Magulu 400 apadziko lonse a beta-carotene
• 80 mg wa nthaka
• 2 mg zamkuwa

Ingotenga mavitamini awa ngati dokotala akuvomereza. Onetsetsani kuti dokotala akudziwa za mavitamini kapena zowonjezera zilizonse zomwe mumamwa. Osuta fodya sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera ichi.

AREDS itha kukupindulitsaninso ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja komanso zoopsa za AMD.

Lutein ndi zeaxanthin, zomwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'masamba obiriwira obiriwira, zitha kuchepetsanso chiopsezo chanu chakuchepa kwa macular.

Ngati mwanyowetsa AMD, dokotala akhoza kukulangizani:

• Opaleshoni ya Laser (laser photocoagulation) - kamtengo kakang'ono kamawunikira kamawononga mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ikudontha.
• Photodynamic therapy - kuwala kumayatsa mankhwala omwe amalowetsedwa mthupi lanu kuti awononge mitsempha yamagazi.
• Mankhwala apadera omwe amateteza mitsempha yatsopano kuti isapangidwe m'maso amalowetsedwa m'diso (iyi ndi njira yopweteka).

Zithandizo zosawona bwino (monga magalasi apadera) ndi chithandizo chitha kukuthandizani kugwiritsa ntchito masomphenya omwe muli nawo bwino, ndikusintha moyo wanu.

Tsekani mwatsatanetsatane ndi dokotala wanu wamaso ndikofunikira.

• Kwa AMD youma, pitani kukaonana ndi dokotala wamaso kamodzi pachaka kuti mukayesedwe kwathunthu.
• Kwa AMD yonyowa, muyenera kuti mumafunikira maulendo obwereza, mwina mwezi uliwonse.

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwamasinthidwe ndikofunikira chifukwa mukalandira chithandizo mwachangu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Kuzindikira msanga kumabweretsa chithandizo cham'mbuyomu ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.

Njira yabwino yodziwira zosintha ndikudziyesa nokha kunyumba ndi gridi ya Amsler. Dokotala wanu wamaso akhoza kukupatsani gridi kapena mutha kusindikiza imodzi pa intaneti. Yesani diso lililonse payekhapayekha mutavala magalasi anu owerengera. Ngati mizere ikuwoneka yopepuka, itanani dokotala wanu wamaso nthawi yomweyo.

Izi zitha kukupatsirani zambiri pakuchepa kwa macular:

• Mgwirizanowu wa Macular - macularhope.org
• National Eye Institute - www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration

AMD sikukhudza masomphenya (ozungulira). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutayika kwathunthu kwamasomphenya sikuchitika konse. AMD imabweretsa kutayika kwa masomphenya apakati okha.

Wofatsa, wouma AMD nthawi zambiri samayambitsa kukhumudwitsa kutayika kwapakati.

Madzi amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amatsogolera pakuwonongeka kwamasomphenya.

Mwambiri, ndi AMD mutha kutaya kuwerenga, kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi kuzindikira nkhope zanu patali. Koma anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi AMD amatha kugwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku popanda zovuta zambiri.

Ngati muli ndi AMD, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti muziyang'ana masomphenya anu tsiku lililonse ndi gridi ya Amsler. Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati mizere ikuwoneka ngati yavy. Komanso imbani ngati muwona zosintha zina m'masomphenya anu.

Ngakhale palibe njira yodziwikiratu yochepetsera kuchepa kwa ma macular, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi AMD:

• Osasuta
• Khalani ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba komanso mafuta a nyama
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse
• Pitirizani kulemera bwino

Onani akatswiri anu osamalira maso nthawi zonse kuti ayesedwe mayeso amaso.

Matenda okhudzana ndi zaka (ARMD); AMD; Kutaya masomphenya - AMD

• Kukula kwa macular
• Diso

Tsamba la American Academy of Ophthalmology. Komiti ya Retina / Vitreous, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Ndondomeko Yoyeserera Yoyeserera. Kuperewera kwa macular kuchepa kwa PPP 2019. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/age-related-macular-degeneration-ppp. Idasinthidwa mu Okutobala 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 24, 2020.

Wenick AS, Bressler NM, Bressler SB. Kukula kwa macular okalamba: osakhala neovascular oyambirira a AMD, AMD apakatikati, komanso atrophy. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, olemba. Retina wa Ryan. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 68.