Keratoconus

Keratoconus ndi matenda amaso omwe amakhudza kapangidwe ka cornea. Kornea ndi minofu yoyera yomwe imakuta kutsogolo kwa diso.

Ndi vutoli, mawonekedwe a cornea amasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pamizere yozungulira kupita pakona. Zimakhalanso zochepa ndipo diso limatuluka. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto amaso. Kwa anthu ambiri, kusinthaku kukukulirakulira.

Choyambitsa sichikudziwika. Zikuwoneka kuti chizolowezi chokhala ndi keratoconus chimakhalapo kuyambira pomwe adabadwa. Vutoli limatha kukhala chifukwa cha vuto la collagen. Izi ndiye minofu yomwe imapanga mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu ku diso.

Matenda a ziweto komanso kupakira m'maso zitha kufulumira.

Pali kulumikizana pakati pa keratoconus ndi Down syndrome.

Chizindikiro choyambirira ndikumawonekera pang'ono kwa masomphenya komwe sikungakonzedwe ndi magalasi. (Masomphenya nthawi zambiri amatha kukonzedwa mpaka 20/20 pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi olimba, opumira mpweya.) Popita nthawi, mutha kuwona ma halos, kukhala ndi kunyezimira, kapena mavuto ena owonera usiku.

Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi keratoconus amakhala ndi mbiri yoyandikira pafupi. Kuyang'ana pafupi kumawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Vuto likukulirakulira, astigmatism imakula ndipo imatha kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi.

Keratoconus amapezeka nthawi zambiri ali mwana. Ikhozanso kukula mwa anthu okalamba.

Mayeso olondola kwambiri a vutoli amatchedwa corneal topography, yomwe imapanga mapu amphepete mwa cornea.

Kuyeza kwa nyali pamtengowu kumatha kuzindikira matendawa pambuyo pake.

Chiyeso chotchedwa pachymetry chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza makulidwe a cornea.

Magalasi olumikizana ndi omwe amathandizira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi keratoconus. Magalasi amatha kupereka masomphenya abwino, koma samachiza kapena kuyimitsa vutoli. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli, kuvala magalasi panja atawapeza kungathandize kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa. Kwa zaka zambiri, chithandizo chokhacho chokhacho chinali kumuika m'matumbo.

Matekinoloje atsopanowa atha kuchedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa kufunikira koika ma corneal:

• Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (keratoplasty yoyendetsa) amasintha mawonekedwe a cornea kuti magalasi olumikizirana akhale oyenera.
• Zomera za Corneal (zigawo zamkati mwa mphete) sintha mawonekedwe a cornea kuti magalasi olumikizirana akhale oyenera
• Kulumikizana kwa Corneal collagen ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti diso liume. Nthawi zambiri, zimapewa kuti vutoli lisawonjezeke. Zitha kuthekanso kukonzanso diso ndi kukonza kwamasomphenya a laser.

Nthawi zambiri, masomphenya amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi magalasi olumikizana ndi mpweya olimba.

Ngati kuthyola miyala kumafunika, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi yobwezeretsa ikhoza kukhala yayitali. Anthu ambiri amafunikirabe magalasi pambuyo pa opaleshoniyi.

Ngati sangasamalidwe, diso limatha kuchepa mpaka pomwe kabowo limatulukira mbali yopyapyala kwambiri.

Pali chiopsezo chakukanidwa ndikadulidwa, koma chiwopsezo chake ndi chotsikirako poyerekeza ndi kuziyika ziwalo zina.

Simuyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro owonera laser (monga LASIK) ngati muli ndi digiri ya keratoconus.Zojambula za Corneal zimachitidwa kale kuti athetse anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.

Nthawi zambiri, njira zina zowongolera masomphenya a laser, monga PRK, zitha kukhala zotetezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi keratoconus wofatsa. Izi zitha kukhala zotheka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe adalumikizana ndi colneal collagen.

Achinyamata omwe masomphenya awo sangakonzeke mpaka 20/20 ndi magalasi ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wamaso wodziwa keratoconus. Makolo omwe ali ndi keratoconus ayenera kulingalira kuti ana awo ayesedwe matendawa kuyambira ali ndi zaka 10.

Palibe njira yopewera vutoli. Ambiri opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse vutoli ndikupewa kusisita m'maso.

Masomphenya akusintha - keratoconus

• Cornea

Hernández-Quintela E, Sánchez-Huerta V, García-Albisua AM, Gulias-Cañizo R. Kuyeserera koyambirira kwa keratoconus ndi ectasia. Mu: Azar DT, mkonzi. Opaleshoni ya Refractive. Wachitatu ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 12.

Hersh PS, Stulting RD, Muller D, Durrie DS, Rajpal RK; United States Crosslinking Study Gulu. United States Multicenter Clinical Kuyesedwa kwa Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus Treatment. Ophthalmology. 2017; 124 (9): 1259-1270. PMID: 28495149 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495149/.

Shuga J, Garcia-Zalisnak DE. Keratoconus ndi ma ectasias ena. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 4.18.