Kodi Phumu Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu ya matenda a mphumu ndi iti?
• Lembani 1
• Lembani 2
• Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mphumu?
• Kodi matenda a asthma amawoneka bwanji?
• Kodi chifuwa cha brittle chimayendetsedwa bwanji?
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala
• Kodi malingaliro anu ndi chiyani ndi chifuwa chowopsa?
• Malangizo othandiza kupewa matenda a mphumu

Chidule

Brittle asthma ndi mtundu wosowa wa mphumu yoopsa. Mawu oti "brittle" amatanthauza zovuta kuwongolera. Mphumu ya brittle imatchedwanso kuti asthma yosakhazikika kapena yosayembekezereka chifukwa imatha kusintha mwadzidzidzi kukhala chiopsezo chowopsa.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ya mphumu yocheperako, mphumu yopepuka imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira, monga kupuma kwa corticosteroids. Ikhoza kuopseza moyo, ndipo imakhudza kupita kuchipatala nthawi zambiri, kuchipatala, ndi mankhwala kuposa mitundu ina ya mphumu.

Brittle asthma imakhudza pafupifupi 0.05% ya anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu. Si madotolo onse omwe amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito magawowa, chifukwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi mphumu omwe ali ndi zizindikiritso zawo amatha kuwonongedwa ndi mphumu.

Kodi mitundu ya matenda a mphumu ndi iti?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a mphumu. Zonsezi ndizovuta, koma zimakhala ndi zovuta zosiyana.

Lembani 1

Mtundu wa brth asthma umaphatikizapo kupuma tsiku lililonse komanso kuwukira mwadzidzidzi komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kupuma kumayesedwa malinga ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri (PEF). Kuti mupezeke ndi vutoli, muyenera kukhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamasiku onse pakupuma kuposa 50 peresenti ya nthawi yayitali kwa miyezi isanu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 1 amakhalanso ndi chitetezo chamthupi ndipo amatha kutenga matenda opuma. Oposa 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa brimth asthma amakhalanso ndi vuto la chakudya ku tirigu ndi mkaka. Mungafunenso kulandilidwa kuchipatala pafupipafupi kuti muchepetse matenda anu.

Lembani 2

Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba wa asthma, mphumu yamtunduwu imatha kuyendetsedwa bwino ndi mankhwalawa kwakanthawi. Komabe, pakachitika chifuwa chachikulu cha mphumu, chimachitika mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa maola atatu. Simungathe kuzindikira zoyambitsa zilizonse zodziwika.

Kuwonongeka kwa mphumu kumafunikira chisamaliro chadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza othandizira othandizira. Zitha kupha moyo ngati sichichiritsidwa mwachangu.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mphumu?

Zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu yayikulu sizikudziwika, koma zina mwaziwopsezo zadziwika. Zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mphumu ndizofanana ndi mitundu yochepa ya mphumu. Izi zikuphatikizapo momwe mapapu anu amagwirira ntchito, kuti mwakhala ndi mphumu nthawi yayitali bwanji, komanso kuopsa kwa chifuwa chanu.

Kukhala mkazi wazaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 55 kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha mtundu woyamba wa 1. Mtundu wachiwiri wa mphumu imawonekeranso mwa amuna ndi akazi.

Zowonjezera zowopsa za mphumu ya brittle ndizo:

• kukhala wonenepa kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi matenda obanika kutulo
• kusintha kwa majini, kuphatikizapo kukana kutsata mankhwala ena a mphumu
• kuwonetseredwa kwachilengedwe ndi ma allergen, monga nthata za fumbi, mphemvu, nkhungu, mphaka, ndi akavalo
• Zakudya zam'mimba, kuphatikiza kusagwirizana ndi mkaka, tirigu, nsomba, zipatso, mazira, mbatata, soya, mtedza, yisiti, ndi chokoleti
• kusuta ndudu
• matenda opuma, makamaka ana
• sinusitis, yomwe imakhudza 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yoopsa
• tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mycoplasma ndi chlamydia
• kudwala chitetezo
• kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka ndege
• Zinthu zamaganizidwe, kuphatikizapo kukhumudwa

Ukalamba ungakhalenso chiopsezo. Pa kafukufuku wina wa anthu 80 omwe ali ndi mphumu yoopsa, yomwe imaphatikizapo mphumu ya brittle, ofufuza adapeza kuti:

• pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu mwa ophunzira adadwala mphumu asanakwanitse zaka 12
• gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu adayamba mphumu atakwanitsa zaka 12
• 98% ya omwe adachita nawo zoyambilira adakumana ndi zovuta zina
• ndi 76 peresenti yokha ya omwe adatenga nawo gawo mochedwa omwe anali ndi vuto lodana ndi matenda
• anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yoyambilira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbiri ya banja la chikanga ndi mphumu
• Anthu aku Africa-America ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mphumu koyambirira

Momwemonso izi zimathandizira kuti munthu akhale ndi mphumu yowopsa ndiye mutu wa kafukufuku wopitilira.

Kodi matenda a asthma amawoneka bwanji?

Kuti mupezeke ndi mphumu ya brittle, dokotala wanu amakupimirani, kuyeza mapapu anu ndi PEF, ndikufunsani za zizindikilo ndi mbiri ya banja. Ayeneranso kuthana ndi matenda ena omwe angawononge ntchito yanu yamapapu, monga cystic fibrosis.

Kukula kwa zizindikiritso zanu komanso momwe mungayankhire kuchipatala kudzathandiza kwambiri pakuzindikira.

Kodi chifuwa cha brittle chimayendetsedwa bwanji?

Kusamalira mphumu yovuta ndi kovuta ndipo kumafunikira njira ya munthu aliyense payekha. Dokotala wanu akakambirananso zovuta zazikulu zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha vutoli. Angakulangizeni kuti mukakumane ndi mlangizi wa mphumu kapena gulu kuti mumvetsetse bwino za matendawa ndi chithandizo chake.

Dokotala wanu amachiza ndikuwunika matenda aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo, monga gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), kunenepa kwambiri, kapena kulepheretsa kugona tulo. Awonanso kuyanjana pakati pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a matendawa ndi mphumu yanu.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Chithandizo cha brth asthma chitha kuphatikizira kuphatikiza mankhwala, monga:

• inhalled corticosteroids
• agonists a beta
• zosintha za leukotriene
• theophylline wamlomo
• tiotropium bromide

Palibe kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali wothandizirana kuphatikiza mankhwala, kotero dokotala adzawunika momwe mungayankhire. Ngati mphumu yanu ikuyang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala othandizira, dokotala wanu amatha kusintha mankhwala anu kuti akhale ochepa kwambiri.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi mphumu yolimba amalimbana ndi ma corticosteroids opumira. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa corticosteroids yopumira kapena angakupatseni ntchito kawiri patsiku. Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyesa corticosteroids ya m'kamwa, koma izi zimakhala ndi zovuta zina, monga kufooka kwa mafupa, ndipo zimafunika kuyang'aniridwa.

Dokotala wanu angalimbikitsenso mankhwala otsatirawa kuwonjezera pa ma steroids:

• Ma Macrolide maantibayotiki. Zotsatira zakusonyeza kuti clarithromycin (Biaxin) imatha kuchepetsa kutupa, koma kafukufuku wina amafunika.
• Mankhwala oletsa fungal. imawonetsa kuti pakamwa itraconazole (Sporanox), yomwe imamwedwa kawiri patsiku kwa milungu isanu ndi itatu, imathandizira kuzindikiritsa.
• Recombinant monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody. Omalizumab (Xolair), yomwe imaperekedwa mwezi uliwonse pansi pa khungu, imathandizira pakukula kwa zizindikilo komanso moyo wabwino. Mankhwalawa ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena.
• Terbutaline (Brethine). Beta agonist, yemwe amaperekedwa mosalekeza pansi pa khungu kapena kupumira, awonetsedwa kuti apititsa patsogolo mapapu m'maphunziro ena azachipatala.

Mankhwala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala

Njira zina zamankhwala zitha kukhala zothandiza pochepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikilo mwa anthu ena omwe samayankha bwino pazithandizo zovomerezeka. Awa ndi mankhwala omwe akukumana ndi mayesero azachipatala:

• Mlingo umodzi wa intramuscular triamcinolone. M'mayesero azachipatala, mankhwalawa adawoneka kuti amachepetsa kutupa kwa akulu komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta za mphumu mwa ana.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa, monga chotupa necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Kwa anthu ena, mankhwalawa oteteza chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Ma immunosuppressive agents monga cyclosporin A. Ena adawonetsa kuti ali ndi zotsatira zabwino.
• Mankhwala ena omwe amasintha chitetezo cha mthupi, monga katemera wa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ali m'maphunziro oyambira azachipatala ndipo akuwonetsa lonjezo ngati chithandizo chamtsogolo.

Kodi malingaliro anu ndi chiyani ndi chifuwa chowopsa?

Chinsinsi chothanirana ndi chifuwa cha brittle ndikudziwa zizindikiro za chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa. Kulandila thandizo mwadzidzidzi kumatha kupulumutsa moyo wanu.

Ngati muli ndi mtundu wachiwiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito EpiPen yanu pachizindikiro choyamba chazovuta.

Mungafune kutenga nawo mbali pagulu lothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America itha kukupatsani mwayi wolumikizana ndi magulu othandizira akomweko.

Malangizo othandiza kupewa matenda a mphumu

Pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha mphumu:

• Chepetsani fumbi la nyumba poyeretsa pafupipafupi, ndipo muzivala chigoba kuti mudziteteze ku fumbi mukamatsuka.
• Gwiritsani ntchito choziziritsira kapena yesetsani kutseka mawindo nthawi yamvula.
• Sungani chinyezi mulingo woyenera. Chopangira chinyezi chingathandize ngati mumakhala nyengo youma.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zophimba phulusa pamapilo anu ndi matiresi kuti muchepetse nthata m'chipinda chogona.
• Chotsani makalapeti ngati kungatheke, ndipo tsukani kapena kutsuka makatani ndi mithunzi.
• Sungani nkhungu kukhitchini ndi kubafa, ndikuchotsani masamba anu ndi nkhuni zomwe zingamere nkhungu.
• Pewani dander wa ziweto. Nthawi zina zotsukira mpweya zitha kuthandiza. Kusamba chiweto chanu chaubweya pafupipafupi kumathandizanso kuti ziziyenda pansi.
• Tetezani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno mukakhala panja kunja kukuzizira.