Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma ndichotupa chamaso chosowa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimachitika mwa ana. Ndi chotupa choopsa (khansa) cha mbali ya diso yotchedwa retina.

Retinoblastoma imayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa jini komwe kumawongolera momwe maselo amagawikana. Zotsatira zake, maselo amakula osalamulirika ndikukhala khansa.

Pafupifupi theka la milandu, kusintha kumeneku kumayamba mwa mwana yemwe banja lake silinakhalepo ndi khansa yamaso. Nthawi zina, kusinthika kumachitika m'mabanja angapo. Ngati kusinthaku kumachitika m'banjamo, pali mwayi wa 50% kuti ana a munthu wokhudzidwayo nawonso asinthe. Ana awa adzakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga retinoblastoma iwonso.

Khansara nthawi zambiri imakhudza ana ochepera zaka 7. Amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana azaka 1 mpaka 2.

Diso limodzi kapena onse awiri atha kukhudzidwa.

Mwana wa diso amatha kuwoneka woyera kapena amakhala ndi mawanga oyera. Kuwala koyera m'maso kumawoneka pazithunzi zojambulidwa. M'malo mwa "diso lofiira" wamba, wophunzirayo angawoneke ngati woyera kapena wopotozedwa.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Maso owoloka
• Masomphenya awiri
• Maso omwe sagwirizana
• Kupweteka kwa diso ndi kufiira
• Maso olakwika
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iris m'diso lililonse

Ngati khansara yafalikira, kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi zizindikilo zina zimatha kuchitika.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo kuyezetsa maso. Mayesero otsatirawa akhoza kuchitika:

• CT scan kapena MRI yamutu
• Kuyesa kwamaso ndikuchepa kwa mwana wasukulu
• Ultrasound ya diso (mutu ndi diso echoencephalogram)

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira kukula ndi malo a chotupacho:

• Zotupa zazing'ono zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ya laser kapena cryotherapy (kuzizira).
• Poizoniyu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachotupa chomwe chili m'diso ndi zotupa zazikulu.
• Chemotherapy ingafunike ngati chotupacho chafalikira kupitirira diso.
• Diso lingafunikire kuchotsedwa (njira yotchedwa enucleation) ngati chotupacho sichiyankha mankhwala ena. Nthawi zina, ikhoza kukhala chithandizo choyamba.

Ngati khansara siinafalikire kupyola maso, pafupifupi anthu onse atha kuchiritsidwa. Chithandizo, komabe, chimafunikira chithandizo chankhanza komanso kuchotsedwa kwa diso kuti chipambane.

Ngati khansara yafalikira kupyola maso, mwayi woti akuchiritsidwa ndi wotsika ndipo zimadalira momwe chotupacho chafalikira.

Khungu limatha kupezeka m'diso lomwe lakhudzidwa. Chotupacho chimatha kufalikira mpaka pachitsulo cha diso kudzera mumitsempha yamawonedwe. Ikhozanso kufalikira kuubongo, mapapo, ndi mafupa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati pali zizindikiro za retinoblastoma, makamaka ngati maso a mwana wanu akuwoneka achilendo kapena akuwoneka achilendo pazithunzi.

Upangiri wa chibadwa ungathandize mabanja kumvetsetsa chiopsezo cha retinoblastoma. Ndikofunikira makamaka ngati mamembala ambiri m'banjamo akhala ndi matendawa, kapena ngati retinoblastoma imapezeka m'maso onse awiri.

Chotupa - diso; Khansa - diso; Khansa yamaso - retinoblastoma

• Diso

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. Mu: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli ndi Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 20.

Kim JW, Mansfield NC, Murphree AL. Retinoblastoma. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Weidemann P, olemba. Retina wa Ryan. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 132.

Tarek N, Herzog CE. Retinoblastoma. Mu: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 529.