Khansa yapakhosi kapena ya kholingo

Khansara ya mmero ndi khansa ya zingwe zamawu, kholingo (mawu amawu), kapena madera ena am'mero.

Anthu omwe amasuta kapena kusuta fodya ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa yapakhosi. Kumwa mowa kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezeranso ngozi. Kusuta ndi kumwa mowa pamodzi kumabweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa yapakhosi.

Khansa zambiri zapakhosi zimayamba mwa achikulire okulirapo kuposa 50. Amuna ali ndi mwayi wambiri kuposa azimayi omwe amakhala ndi khansa yapakhosi.

Matenda a papillomavirus (HPV) (kachilombo komweko kamene kamayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana) amayambitsa khansa yambiri yapakamwa ndi pakhosi kuposa kale. Mtundu umodzi wa HPV, mtundu wa 16 kapena HPV-16, umakonda kugwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa yapakhosi.

Zizindikiro za khansa yapakhosi ndi izi:

• Kulira kosazolowereka (kokwera kwambiri)
• Tsokomola
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Zovuta kumeza
• Hoarseness komwe sikumakhala bwino pakatha masabata atatu kapena anayi
• Khosi kapena kupweteka khutu
• Zilonda zapakhosi zomwe sizikhala bwino m'masabata awiri kapena atatu, ngakhale ndi maantibayotiki
• Kutupa kapena zotupa m'khosi
• Kuchepetsa thupi osati chifukwa chodya pang'ono

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Izi zitha kuwonetsa chotupa kunja kwa khosi.

Wothandizirayo atha kuyang'ana pakhosi kapena mphuno pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera yaying'ono kumapeto.

Mayesero ena omwe angayitanidwe ndi awa:

• Chiwopsezo cha chotupa chotayika. Minofuyi iyesedwanso ngati HPV.
• X-ray pachifuwa.
• Kujambula pachifuwa kwa CT.
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu ndi m'khosi.
• MRI ya mutu kapena khosi.
• Kusanthula PET.

Cholinga cha mankhwala ndikuchotsa khansara ndikuitchinjiriza kuti isafalikire mbali zina za thupi.

Chotupacho chikakhala chaching'ono, mwina opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chotupacho.

Chotupacho chikakhala chachikulu kapena chafalikira ku ma lymph node m'khosi, kuphatikiza kwa radiation ndi chemotherapy nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa mawu (zingwe zamawu). Ngati izi sizingatheke, bokosi lamawu limachotsedwa. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumatchedwa kuti laryngectomy.

Kutengera mtundu wamankhwala omwe mungafune, mankhwala othandizira omwe angafunike ndi awa:

• Mankhwala othandizira.
• Therapy yothandizira kutafuna ndi kumeza.
• Kuphunzira kudya mapuloteni okwanira ndi zopatsa mphamvu kuti mukhale wonenepa. Funsani omwe amakupatsirani zamadzimadzi zomwe zingakuthandizeni.
• Thandizani pakamwa pouma.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa.Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Khansa yapakhosi imatha kuchiritsidwa ikazindikira msanga. Ngati khansara siinafalikire (metastasized) kumatumba oyandikana nawo kapena ma lymph node m'khosi, pafupifupi theka la odwala amatha kuchiritsidwa. Ngati khansara yafalikira kumatenda ndi mbali zina za thupi kunja kwa mutu ndi khosi, khansayo siyichiritsidwa. Chithandizo chake ndikuti kukulitsa ndikusintha moyo wabwino.

Ndizotheka koma sizotsimikiziridwa kwathunthu kuti khansa yomwe imayesa kachilombo ka HPV ikhoza kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Komanso, anthu omwe amasuta zaka zosakwana 10 atha kuchita bwino.

Pambuyo pa chithandizo, mankhwala amafunikira kuti athandizire pakulankhula komanso kumeza. Ngati munthuyo sangathe kumeza, padzafunika chubu chodyetsera.

Kuopsa kobwerezabwereza khansa yapakhosi kumakhala kwakukulu pazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoyambirira zakuwunika.

Kutsata pafupipafupi pambuyo popezeka matenda ndi chithandizo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonjezere mwayi wopulumuka.

Mavuto amtundu wa khansa atha kukhala:

• Kutsekeka kwa ndege
• Zovuta kumeza
• Kuwonongeka kwa khosi kapena nkhope
• Kuumitsa khungu la khosi
• Kutaya mawu ndi luso lolankhula
• Kufalikira kwa khansa kumadera ena amthupi (metastasis)

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi zizindikilo za khansa yapakhosi, makamaka kukalipa kapena kusintha kwa mawu popanda chifukwa chomveka chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masabata atatu
• Mumapeza chotupa m'khosi mwanu chomwe sichitha milungu itatu

Osasuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wina. Chepetsani kapena pewani kumwa mowa.

Katemera wa HPV wolimbikitsidwa kwa ana ndi achikulire amalimbana ndi mitundu ingapo ya HPV yomwe imatha kuyambitsa khansa yamutu ndi khosi. Awonetsedwa kuti ateteze matenda ambiri amkamwa a HPV. Sizikudziwika ngati atha kupewanso khansa yapakhosi kapena ya kholingo.

Khansara yama chingwe; Khansa ya pakhosi; Khansa; Khansa ya glottis; Khansa ya oropharynx kapena hypopharynx; Khansa ya ma tonsils; Khansa ya m'munsi mwa lilime

• Pakamwa pouma mukamalandira khansa
• Kutulutsa pakamwa ndi m'khosi - kutulutsa
• Kumeza mavuto

• Kutupa kwa pakhosi
• Oropharynx

Armstrong WB, Vokes DE, Tjoa T, Verma SP. Zotupa zoyipa zam'mero. Mu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 105.

Munda AS, Morrison WH. Larynx ndi khansa ya hypopharynx. Mu: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, olemba. Chipatala cha Gunderson & Tepper's Radiation Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 41.

Lorenz RR, Couch INE, Burkey BB. Mutu ndi khosi. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Buku Lopanga Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 33.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya Nasopharyngeal (wamkulu) (PDQ) - mtundu wazachipatala. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/nasopharyngeal-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 30, 2019. Idapezeka pa February 12, 2021.

Rettig E, Gourin CG, Fakhry C. Papillomavirus ya anthu ndi matenda opatsirana a khansa ya mutu ndi khosi. Mu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 74.