Kulephera kwa basal ganglia

Kulephera kwa basal ganglia ndimavuto amkati mwaubongo omwe amathandizira kuyambitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe.

Zinthu zomwe zimavulaza ubongo zitha kuwononga basal ganglia. Zinthu monga:

• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kuvulala pamutu
• Matenda
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Mavuto amadzimadzi
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Poizoni ndi mkuwa, manganese, kapena zitsulo zina zolemera
• Sitiroko
• Zotupa

Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza schizophrenia.

Matenda ambiri am'magazi amathandizidwa ndi basal ganglia dysfunction. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Dystonia (mavuto amisala)
• Matenda a Huntington (matenda omwe mitsempha yam'magawo am'magawo ena a ubongo imatha, kapena kuchepa)
• Ma atrophy angapo (kufalikira kwamanjenje amanjenje)
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Kupita patsogolo kwa supranuclear palsy (kusuntha kwamayendedwe kuwonongeka kwa maselo ena amitsempha muubongo)
• Matenda a Wilson (chisokonezo chomwe chimayambitsa mkuwa wochuluka mthupi la munthu)

Kuwonongeka kwa ma basal ganglia cell kumatha kubweretsa mavuto pakulamulira, kuyenda, ndi kukhazikika. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumatchedwa parkinsonism.

Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la basal ganglia amatha kukhala ndi vuto loyambira, kuyimitsa, kapena kuyendetsa bwino. Kutengera ndi gawo liti laubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa, pakhoza kukhala zovuta pakukumbukira komanso njira zina zoganizira.

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Kusintha kwa mayendedwe, monga kuyenda kosafulumira kapena kochedwa
• Kuchuluka kwa minofu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kuuma kwa minofu
• Zovuta kupeza mawu
• Kugwedezeka
• Kusasunthika, mayendedwe obwereza, mawu, kapena kulira (tics)
• Kuyenda movutikira

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikufunsa za zidziwitso ndi mbiri yazachipatala.

Mayeso amwazi ndi kujambula angafunike. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• CT ndi MRI ya mutu
• Kuyesedwa kwachibadwa
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) kuti ayang'ane mitsempha ya khosi ndi ubongo
• Positron emission tomography (PET) kuti muwone kagayidwe kabongo
• Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone shuga wamagazi, chithokomiro, chiwindi, magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo ndi mkuwa

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha vutoli.

Momwe munthu amachitira bwino zimadalira chifukwa cha kukanika. Zina mwazifukwa zimasinthidwa, pomwe zina zimafunikira chithandizo chamoyo wonse.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi mayendedwe achilendo kapena osakhudzidwa, mukugwa popanda chifukwa chodziwika, kapena ngati inu kapena ena mukuwona kuti mukulephera kapena mukuchedwa.

Matenda a Extrapyramidal; Antipsychotic - extrapyramidal

Matenda a Jankovic J. Parkinson ndi zovuta zina zoyenda. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 96.

Okun MS, Lang AE. Zovuta zina zoyenda. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 382.

Vestal E, Rusher A, Ikeda K, Melnick M. Zovuta zam'mimba zoyambira. Mu: Lazaro RT, Reina-Guerra SG, Quiben MU, olemba. Kukonzanso Kwa Neurological kwa Umphred. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2020: chap.