Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis ndi matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupuma mu spores wa bowa Mbiri ya plasma capsulatum.

Histoplasmosis imachitika padziko lonse lapansi. Ku United States, ndikofala kwambiri kumwera chakum'mawa, pakati pa Atlantic, ndi madera apakati, makamaka m'zigwa za Mississippi ndi Ohio.

Histoplasma bowa imakula ngati nkhungu m'nthaka. Mutha kudwala mukamapuma ma spores opangidwa ndi bowa. Nthaka yomwe imakhala ndi zitosi za mbalame kapena mileme imatha kukhala ndi bowa wokulirapo. Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu nyumba yakale ikagwetsedwa, kapena m'mapanga.

Matendawa amatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira. Koma, kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kapena kuyambitsanso matendawa. Achinyamata kapena achikulire kwambiri, kapena omwe ali ndi HIV / Edzi, khansa, kapena kuziika ziwalo amakhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mapapo a nthawi yayitali (monga emphysema ndi bronchiectasis) nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda owopsa.

Anthu ambiri alibe zizindikiro, kapena amangokhala ndi matenda ofatsa, onga chimfine.

Ngati zizindikiro zikuchitika, zingaphatikizepo:

• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Chifuwa ndi kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumawonjezereka mukamapumira
• Ululu wophatikizana
• Zilonda za pakamwa
• Ziphuphu zakhungu lofiira, nthawi zambiri kumiyendo yakumunsi

Matendawa amatha kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako zizindikiro zimatha. Nthawi zina, matenda am'mapapo amatha kukhala aakulu. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira
• Chifuwa, mwina kutsokomola magazi
• Malungo ndi thukuta

Mwa anthu ochepa, makamaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, histoplasmosis imafalikira mthupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa kufalitsa histoplasmosis. Poyankha kukwiya kwa matenda ndi kutupa (kutupa) kumachitika. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa chifukwa cha kutupa kwa thumba ngati kuphimba mozungulira mtima (pericarditis)
• Kuuma kwa mutu ndi khosi chifukwa cha kutupa kwa nembanemba yophimba ubongo ndi msana (meningitis)
• Kutentha kwakukulu

Histoplasmosis imapezeka ndi:

• Kutupa kwa m'mapapo, khungu, chiwindi, kapena mafupa
• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kapena mkodzo kuti mupeze mapuloteni a histoplasmosis kapena ma antibodies
• Zikhalidwe zamagazi, mkodzo, kapena sputum (kuyesaku kumapereka chidziwitso chomveka bwino cha histoplasmosis, koma zotsatira zimatha kutenga masabata 6)

Pofuna kuthandizira kuzindikira vutoli, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu atha kuchita izi:

• Bronchoscopy (mayeso omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe owonera omwe amalowetsedwa m'mapapo kuti ayang'ane ngati ali ndi matenda)
• Chifuwa cha CT
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Mphepete wam'mimba kufunafuna zizindikiritso za matenda mu cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, matendawa amatha popanda kulandira chithandizo.

Ngati mukudwala kwa mwezi wopitilira 1 kapena mukuvutika kupuma, omwe akukupatsani akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala. Chithandizo chachikulu cha histoplasmosis ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

• Ma Antifungals angafunike kuperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha, kutengera mtundu kapena gawo la matenda.
• Ena mwa mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zina.
• Chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala oletsa antifungal angafunikire kwa zaka 1 kapena 2.

Maganizo anu amatengera kukula kwa matendawa, komanso thanzi lanu. Anthu ena amachira popanda chithandizo. Matenda opatsirana nthawi zambiri amatha ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma, matendawa amatha kusiya zipsera mkati mwa mapapo.

Chiwerengero chaimfa chimakwera kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi histoplasmosis omwe sanalandire chithandizo omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Kuthyola pachifuwa kumatha kukakamiza:

• Mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi yonyamula magazi kupita ndi kuchokera mumtima
• Mtima
• Esophagus (chitoliro cha chakudya)
• Matenda am'mimba

Ma lymph node owonjezera m'chifuwa amatha kusinkhasinkha ziwalo za thupi monga minyewa ndi mitsempha yamagazi m'mapapu.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mumakhala kudera lomwe histoplasmosis imafala ndipo mumakula:

• Zizindikiro ngati chimfine
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Tsokomola
• Kupuma pang'ono

Ngakhale pali matenda ena ambiri omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira, mungafunike kuyesedwa ngati muli ndi histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis itha kupewedwa pochepetsa kuchepa kwa fumbi m'makola a nkhuku, mapanga a mileme, ndi malo ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Valani maski ndi zida zina zoteteza ngati mumagwira ntchito kapena kulowa m'malo awa.

Matenda a fungal - histoplasmosis; Malungo a Ohio River Valley; Fibrosing mediastinitis

• Mapapo
• Pachimake histoplasmosis
• Anafalitsa histoplasmosis
• Histoplasmosis, yofalitsidwa ndi wodwala HIV

Deepe GS. Mbiri ya plasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Mfundo za Bennett ndi Kuchita kwa Matenda Opatsirana, Kusinthidwa. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 265.

Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 332.