Pulmonary valve stenosis

Pulmonary valve stenosis ndi vuto la valavu yamtima yomwe imakhudza valavu yamapapo.

Iyi ndi valavu yolekanitsa mpweya wabwino (chipinda chimodzi mumtima) ndi mtsempha wamagazi. Mitsempha yam'mapapo imanyamula magazi opanda mpweya m'mapapu.

Stenosis, kapena kuchepa, kumachitika pamene valavu singathe kutsegula mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, magazi ochepa amayenda m'mapapu.

Kupendekera kwa valavu yam'mapapo nthawi zambiri kumakhalapo pobadwa (kobadwa nako). Zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto lomwe limachitika mwana akamakula m'mimba asanabadwe. Choyambitsa sichidziwika, koma chibadwa chimatha kutenga nawo mbali.

Kupendeketsa komwe kumachitika mu valavu komweko kumatchedwa pulmonary valve stenosis. Pakhoza kukhalanso kuchepa asanakwane kapena pambuyo pa valavu.

Cholakwacho chitha kuchitika chokha kapena ndi zovuta zina zamtima zomwe zimakhalapo pobadwa. Vutoli limatha kukhala lochepa kapena loopsa.

Pulmonary valve stenosis ndimatenda achilendo. Nthawi zina, vutoli limachitika m'mabanja.

Matenda ambiri a pulmonary valve stenosis ndi ofatsa ndipo samayambitsa zizindikiro. Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri mwa makanda pamene mtima umang'ung'udza pakamayesedwa pamtima.

Pamene valavu yocheperako (stenosis) imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, zizindikilozo zimaphatikizapo:

• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Mtundu wabuluu pakhungu (cyanosis) mwa anthu ena
• Kulakalaka kudya
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kukomoka
• Kutopa
• Kulemera kolemera kapena kulephera kukula bwino mwa ana omwe ali ndi chotchinga chachikulu
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Imfa mwadzidzidzi

Zizindikiro zitha kukulirakulira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena zochita.

Wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kumva kung'ung'udza kwamtima akamamvera pamtima pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Kung'ung'udza kukuwomba, kubwebweta, kapena kumveka phokoso pakamveka kugunda kwamtima.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire pulmonary stenosis atha kukhala:

• Catheterization yamtima
• X-ray pachifuwa
• ECG
• Zojambulajambula
• MRI yamtima

Wothandizira adzayesa kuuma kwa valavu stenosis kuti akonzekere chithandizo.

Nthawi zina, chithandizo sichingakhale chofunikira ngati matendawa ndi ochepa.

Ngati palinso zolakwika zina pamtima, mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Thandizani magazi kudutsa mumtima (prostaglandins)
• Thandizani mtima kugunda kwambiri
• Pewani kuundana (magazi opopera magazi)
• Chotsani madzi owonjezera (mapiritsi amadzi)
• Chitani kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka komanso malimbidwe

Mapuloteni amtundu wa pulmonary dilation (valvuloplasty) amatha kuchitidwa ngati kulibe zolakwika zina zamtima.

• Njirayi imachitika kudzera mumitsempha yam'mimba.
• Dokotala amatumiza chubu chosinthira (catheter) chokhala ndi buluni yomwe yamangirizidwa kumapeto mpaka pamtima. Ma x-ray apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira catheter.
• Buluni imatambasula kutsegula kwa valavu.

Anthu ena angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yamtima kuti akonze kapena m'malo mwake valavu yamapapo. Valavu yatsopano itha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngati valavu singakonzedwe kapena kusinthidwa, njira zina zimafunika.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ofatsa samaipiraipira. Komabe, iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa kapena owopsa adzafika poipa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ngati opaleshoni kapena kutulutsa buluni kukuchita bwino. Matenda ena obadwa nawo amtima mwina amathandizira.

Nthawi zambiri, ma valve atsopano amatha zaka zambiri. Komabe, zina zidzatha ndipo zimafunika kusintha zina.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka (arrhythmias)
• Imfa
• Kulephera kwa mtima ndikukulitsa kwa mbali yakumanja yamtima
• Kutaya magazi kubwerera mu ventricle yoyenera (pulmonary regurgitation) ikatha kukonzedwa

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi zizindikilo za pulmonary valve stenosis.
• Mwalandilidwa kapena simunalandire stenosis yamapapo yam'mapapo ndipo mwayamba kutupa (ya akakolo, miyendo, kapena mimba), kupuma movutikira, kapena zizindikilo zina zatsopano.

Valvular m'mapapo mwanga stenosis; Stenosis yamatenda amtima; Stenosis m'mapapo mwanga; Stenosis - valavu yamapapu; Balloon valvuloplasty - m'mapapo mwanga

• Opaleshoni ya valve yamtima - kutulutsa

• Mavavu amtima

Carabello BA. Matenda a mtima wa Valvular. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 66.

Pellikka PA. Matenda a tricuspid, pulmonic, ndi multivalvular. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 70.

Therrien J, Marelli AJ. (Adasankhidwa) Matenda amtima obadwa nawo mwa akulu. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 61.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Matenda obadwa nawo mumtima mwa wamkulu komanso wodwala. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 75.