Matenda amtima obadwa nawo

Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo (CHD) ndi vuto ndi kapangidwe ka mtima ndi ntchito yomwe imakhalapo pakubadwa.

CHD imatha kufotokoza zovuta zingapo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza mtima. Ndilo mtundu wofala kwambiri wobadwa nawo. CHD imapha anthu ambiri mchaka choyamba chamoyo kuposa zolakwika zina zilizonse zobadwa.

CHD imagawika m'magulu awiri: cyanotic (mtundu wabuluu wakhungu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya) komanso non-cyanotic. Mndandanda wotsatirayi ukukhudza ma CHD ofala kwambiri:

Zosokoneza:

• Zovuta za Ebstein
• Mtima wamanzere wotsalira
• Atresia ya m'mapapo
• Zolemba Zachinyengo
• Kubwerera kwathunthu koopsa kwam'mapapo
• Kusintha kwa zotengera zazikulu
• Tricuspid atresia
• Truncus arteriosus

Zosagwirizana ndi cyanotic:

• Aortic stenosis
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (ASD)
• Mtsinje wa atrioventricular (vuto la endocardial cushion)
• Kupanga kwa aorta
• Maluso a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Pulmonic stenosis
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Mavutowa atha kuchitika okha kapena limodzi. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi CHD alibe zovuta zina zobadwa nazo. Komabe, zopindika pamtima zitha kukhala gawo la ma syndromes amtundu ndi chromosomal. Ena mwa ma syndromes amatha kupitilizidwa kudzera m'mabanja.

Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• Matenda a DiGeorge
• Matenda a Down
• Matenda a Marfan
• Matenda a Noonan
• Matenda a Edwards
• Trisomy 13
• Matenda a Turner

Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chodwala matenda amtima chomwe chimapezeka. Ma CHD akupitiliza kufufuzidwa ndikufufuza. Mankhwala monga retinoic acid a ziphuphu, mankhwala, mowa, ndi matenda (monga rubella) panthawi yoyembekezera zimatha kubweretsa mavuto ena obadwa nawo amtima.

Shuga wamagazi wolamulidwa molakwika mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi pakati adalumikizidwanso ndi vuto lalikulu lobadwa ndi mtima.

Zizindikiro zimadalira mkhalidwewo. Ngakhale CHD imakhalapo pobadwa, zizindikirazo mwina sizingawonekere nthawi yomweyo.

Zowonongeka monga kuwonongeka kwa msempha sizingayambitse mavuto kwa zaka. Mavuto ena, monga VSD yaying'ono, ASD, kapena PDA sangayambitse mavuto.

Matenda ambiri obadwa nawo amapezeka pa mimba ya ultrasound. Pakapezeka vuto, dokotala wa mtima wa ana, dotolo, ndi akatswiri ena amatha kukhalapo mwana akabadwa. Kukhala okonzeka kulandira chithandizo pobereka kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi imfa ya ana ena.

Mayeso omwe amachitika pa khanda amadalira chilema ndi zizindikilo zake.

Ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso momwe mwanayo amamvera, zimadalira mkhalidwewo. Zolakwika zambiri zimayenera kutsatiridwa mosamala. Ena amachira pakapita nthawi, pomwe ena adzafunika kuthandizidwa.

Ma CHD ena amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala okha. Ena amafunikira kuti awachitire chimodzi kapena zingapo za mtima kapena maopaleshoni.

Amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ayenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala choyenera:

• Pewani mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo mukakhala ndi pakati.
• Uzani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti muli ndi pakati musanamwe mankhwala atsopano.
• Yesetsani magazi koyambirira kwa mimba yanu kuti muwone ngati mulibe rubella. Ngati mulibe chitetezo chamthupi, pewani kupezeka kwa rubella ndikutemera katemera mukangobereka.
• Amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuyesetsa kuyang'anira bwino shuga wawo.

Mitundu ina imatha kugwira ntchito mu CHD. Ambiri mwa abale awo akhoza kukhudzidwa. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani za uphungu ndi kuwunika ngati muli ndi mbiri yabanja ya CHD.

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Ultrasound, yachibadwa mwana wosabadwayo - kugunda kwa mtima
• Ultrasound, yamitsempha yamagazi septal chilema - kugunda kwa mtima
• Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) - mndandanda

CD ya Fraser, Kane LC. Matenda amtima obadwa nawo. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: Maziko Achilengedwe a Njira Zamakono Zopangira Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Matenda obadwa nawo mumtima mwa wamkulu komanso wodwala. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 75.