Matenda a shuga

Matenda ashuga ndi matenda okhalitsa (thupi) omwe thupi silingathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Insulin ndi timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi kapamba kuti tipewe shuga wamagazi. Matenda a shuga amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi insulin yocheperako, kukana insulin, kapena zonse ziwiri.

Kuti mumvetsetse matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse momwe chakudya chimaphwanyidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi ngati mphamvu. Zinthu zingapo zimachitika pamene chakudya chimasungunuka ndikulowetsedwa:

• Shuga wotchedwa glucose amalowa m'magazi. Shuga ndi gwero la mafuta m'thupi.
• Chiwalo chotchedwa pancreas chimapanga insulin. Udindo wa insulini ndikusuntha shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'minyewa, mafuta, ndi maselo ena, momwe amatha kusungidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi shuga wambiri chifukwa thupi lawo silingasunthe shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'maselo amafuta ndi mafuta kuti awotchedwe kapena kusungidwa kuti akhale ndi mphamvu, komanso / kapena chifukwa chiwindi chawo chimapanga shuga wochulukirapo ndikuchipereka m'magazi. Izi ndichifukwa choti:

• Zilonda zawo sizimapanga insulini wokwanira
• Maselo awo samayankha insulin nthawi zambiri
• Zonsezi pamwambapa

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda ashuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zoopsa ndizosiyana pamtundu uliwonse:

• Mtundu wa shuga woyamba ndi wofala. Zitha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa ana, achinyamata, kapena achinyamata. Mu matendawa, thupi limapanga insulin pang'ono kapena silimalowa konse. Izi ndichifukwa choti maselo am'magazi omwe amapangitsa insulin kusiya kugwira ntchito. Jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku amafunikira. Chifukwa chenicheni cholephera kupanga insulin yokwanira sichikudziwika.
• Mtundu wa shuga 2 ndi wofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika munthu atakula, koma chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, ana ndi achinyamata tsopano amapezeka ndi matendawa. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri samadziwa kuti ali nawo. Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2, thupi limagonjetsedwa ndi insulin ndipo siligwiritsa ntchito insulini momwe liyenera kukhalira. Sikuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.
• Palinso zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, ndipo anthu ena sangatchulidwe ngati mtundu 1 kapena mtundu wachiwiri.

Gestational shuga ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi yemwe amayamba nthawi iliyonse ali ndi pakati mwa mayi yemwe alibe matenda ashuga.

Ngati kholo lanu, mchimwene wanu, kapena mlongo wanu ali ndi matenda a shuga, mwina mungadwale matendawa.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zingapo, kuphatikiza:

• Masomphenya owoneka bwino
• Ludzu lambiri
• Kutopa
• Kukodza pafupipafupi
• Njala
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Chifukwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amakula pang'onopang'ono, anthu ena omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi alibe zisonyezo.

Zizindikiro za mtundu wa 1 shuga zimayamba kwakanthawi. Anthu amatha kudwala kwambiri panthawi yomwe amawapeza.

Patatha zaka zambiri, matenda a shuga amatha kubweretsa mavuto ena akulu. Mavutowa amadziwika kuti matenda ashuga, ndipo amaphatikizapo:

• Mavuto amaso, kuphatikiza kuwona (makamaka usiku), kuzindikira kuwala, ndi khungu
• Zilonda ndi matenda a mwendo kapena phazi, omwe akapanda kuthandizidwa, amatha kudulidwa mwendo kapena phazi
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha m'thupi, kuyambitsa kupweteka, kugwedezeka, kusowa kumva, mavuto kugaya chakudya, komanso kuwonongeka kwa erectile
• Mavuto a impso, zomwe zingayambitse impso
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, komwe kumatha kubweretsa matenda pafupipafupi
• Zowonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko

Kusanthula kwamkodzo kumatha kuwonetsa shuga wambiri wamagazi. Koma kuyesa kwamkodzo kokha sikumazindikira matenda ashuga.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga ngati shuga yanu yamagazi ndiyokwera kuposa 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L). Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, mayesero amodzi kapena angapo otsatirawa ayenera kuchitidwa.

Mayeso amwazi:

• Kusala magazi m'magazi. Matenda ashuga amapezeka ngati mulingo wosala kudya wa glucose ndi 126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) kapena kupitilira mayeso awiri osiyana. Mipata pakati pa 100 ndi 125 mg / dL (5.5 ndi 7.0 mmol / L) amatchedwa kusala kudya kwa glucose kapena prediabetes. Maguluwa ndi omwe amawopsa chifukwa cha matenda amtundu wa 2.
• Mayeso a Hemoglobin A1C (A1C). Zachibadwa ndizochepera 5.7%; prediabetes ndi 5.7% mpaka 6.4%; ndipo matenda ashuga ndi 6.5% kapena kupitilira apo.
• Mayeso olekerera pakamwa. Matenda ashuga amapezeka ngati mulingo wa glucose uli 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) kapena kupitilira maola 2 mutamwa chakumwa chapadera cha magalamu 75 (kuyesaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga).

Kuwunika mtundu wa 2 shuga kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro ndikofunikira:

• Ana onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zina za matenda ashuga, kuyambira ali ndi zaka 10 ndikubwereza zaka zitatu zilizonse.
• Achinyamata onenepa kwambiri (BMI a 25 kapena kupitilira apo) omwe ali ndi zovuta zina monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kukhala ndi amayi, abambo, mlongo kapena mchimwene wake yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
• Amayi onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi zovuta zina monga kuthamanga kwa magazi omwe akukonzekera kutenga pakati.
  
• Akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 45, amabwereza zaka zitatu zilizonse kapena ocheperako ngati munthuyo ali ndi zoopsa.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 nthawi zina amatha kusintha ndi kusintha kwa moyo, makamaka kuchepa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zabwino. Matenda ena amtundu wamtundu wa 2 amathanso kupitilizidwa ndi opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi.

Palibe mankhwala amtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba (kupatula kapamba kapena kusanjikiza khungu).

Kuchiza mtundu wa 1 shuga kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumaphatikizapo zakudya, zochita ndi mankhwala kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kulandira maphunziro ndi chithandizo choyenera cha njira zabwino zothanirana ndi matendawa. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani kuti muone wophunzitsa za matenda a shuga (CDE).

Kulamulira bwino shuga wanu wamagazi, cholesterol, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a impso, matenda amaso, matenda amanjenje, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko.

Pofuna kupewa mavuto ashuga, pitani kwa omwe amakuthandizani kangapo kawiri kapena kanayi pachaka. Lankhulani za zovuta zilizonse zomwe mukukumana nazo. Tsatirani malangizo a omwe akukuthandizani pakuwongolera matenda anu ashuga.

Zinthu zambiri zingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zambiri za matenda ashuga. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, mutha kuphunziranso njira zothanirana ndi matenda anu ndikupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Matenda ashuga ndi nthenda yanthawi zonse kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali nawo.

Kulamulira mwamphamvu shuga wamagazi kumatha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Koma mavutowa amatha kuchitika, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto loyang'anira matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pazaka zambiri, matenda ashuga amatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo:

• Mutha kukhala ndi mavuto amaso, kuphatikiza kuwona (makamaka usiku), komanso kuzindikira kwa kuwala. Iwe ukhoza kukhala wakhungu.
• Mapazi ndi khungu lanu zimatha kukhala ndi zilonda komanso matenda. Pakapita nthawi yayitali, phazi kapena mwendo wanu ungafunike kudulidwa. Matendawa amathanso kuyambitsa kupweteka komanso kuyabwa m'magulu ena amthupi.
• Matenda ashuga angapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol. Izi zingayambitse matenda a mtima, kupwetekedwa, ndi mavuto ena. Zimatha kukhala zovuta kuti magazi azithamangira mpaka miyendo ndi mapazi anu.
• Mitsempha m'thupi lanu imatha kuwonongeka, kuyambitsa kupweteka, kulira, komanso kufooka.
• Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, mutha kukhala ndi zovuta kugaya chakudya chomwe mumadya. Mutha kumva kufooka kapena kukhala ndi vuto kupita kuchimbudzi. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti amuna akhale ndi erection.
• Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso mavuto ena kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Impso zanu sizigwira ntchito kale. Angaleke kugwira ntchito kotero kuti mufunikira dialysis kapena kumuika impso.
• Chitetezo chanu chamthupi chimatha kufooka, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa matenda pafupipafupi.

Kukhala ndi thupi labwino komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumatha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kuyamba kwa matenda amtundu wa 2. Ngati mukulemera kwambiri, kutaya 5% yolemera thupi lanu kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu. Mankhwala ena amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchedwetsa kapena kupewa kuyamba kwa matenda amtundu wa 2.

Pakadali pano, mtundu wa 1 shuga sungapewe. Koma pali kafukufuku wolonjeza yemwe akuwonetsa kuti matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba akhoza kuchedwa mwa anthu ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Matenda a shuga - mtundu wa 1; Matenda a shuga - mtundu wachiwiri; Matenda a shuga - kutenga mimba; Mtundu wa shuga 1; Mtundu wa shuga 2; Matenda ashuga; Matenda a shuga

• Matenda a shuga - zilonda za kumapazi
• Matenda a shuga - kusamalira mapazi anu
• Matenda a shuga - mukamadwala

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Matenda a shuga
• Zilumba za Langerhans
• Miphalaphala
• Pampu ya insulini
• Lembani I shuga
• Magazi a shuga akuyenda pamapazi
• Chakudya ndi insulin kumasulidwa
• Kupanga kwa insulin ndi matenda ashuga
• Kuwunika shuga wamagazi - Mndandanda
• Necrobiosis lipoidica matenda ashuga - pamimba
• Necrobiosis lipoidica matenda ashuga - mwendo

Bungwe la American Diabetes Association. 2. Gulu ndi matenda a shuga: miyezo ya chithandizo chamankhwala ashuga - 2020. Chisamaliro cha shuga. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S14-S31. PMID: 31862745 adasankhidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

Atkinson MA, Mcgill DE, Dassau E, Laffel L. Type 1 matenda a shuga. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 36.

Chinsinsi MC, Ahmann AJ. Njira zamankhwala zamtundu wa 2 shuga. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 35.