Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis ndi matenda opatsirana ndi bowa Cryptococcus neoformans ndipo Cryptococcus gattii.

C opusa ndipo C gattii ndi bowa omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Matenda ndi C opusa chikuwoneka padziko lonse lapansi. Matenda ndi C gattii yawonedwa makamaka kudera la Pacific Northwest ku United States, British Columbia ku Canada, Southeast Asia, ndi Australia. Cryptococcus ndiye bowa wofala kwambiri womwe umayambitsa matenda akulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Mitundu yonse ya bowa imapezeka m'nthaka. Ngati mupuma bowa mkati, imafalitsa mapapu anu. Matendawa amatha okha, amakhala m'mapapu okha, kapena kufalikira mthupi lonse (kufalitsa). C opusa Matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga omwe:

• Ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV / AIDS
• Tengani mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala a corticosteroid
• Khansa
• Ali pa mankhwala a chemotherapy a khansa
• Khalani ndi matenda a Hodgkin
• Ndakhala ndikuyika thupi

C gattii zingakhudze anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira.

C azimayi ndiwowopsa kwambiri pachiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS.

Anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 40 ali ndi matendawa.

Matendawa amatha kufalikira kuubongo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Zizindikiro za ubongo (ubongo) zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Anthu ambiri amatupa komanso kukwiyitsa ubongo ndi msana akapezeka. Zizindikiro za matenda aubongo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Malungo ndi mutu
• Kuuma khosi
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Masomphenya kapena masomphenya awiri
• Kusokonezeka

Matendawa amathanso kukhudza mapapu ndi ziwalo zina. Zizindikiro zam'mapapo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Zovuta kupuma
• Tsokomola
• Kupweteka pachifuwa

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kukoma kwa chifuwa
• Kutopa
• Kutupa khungu, kuphatikizapo mawanga ofiira (petechiae), zilonda, kapena zilonda zina za khungu
• Thukuta - zachilendo, mopitirira muyeso usiku
• Zotupa zotupa
• Kuchepetsa mwangozi

Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira sangakhale ndi zisonyezo konse.

Wothandizira zaumoyo amayeza thupi ndikufunsa za zidziwitso ndi mbiri yakuyenda. Kuyezetsa thupi kumatha kuwulula:

• Mpweya wosazolowereka umamveka
• Kuthamanga kwa mtima
• Malungo
• Maganizo amasintha
• Khosi lolimba

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi kusiyanitsa pakati pa bowa awiriwo
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu
• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum ndi banga
• Chifuwa chamapapo
• Bronchoscopy ndi bronchoalveolar kuyeretsa
• Mphepete wam'mimba kuti mupeze mtundu wa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Chikhalidwe cha Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ndi mayeso ena kuti awone ngati ali ndi matenda
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Mayeso a Cryptococcal antigen (amayang'ana molekyulu inayake yomwe imakhetsedwa kuchokera pakhoma la cell la Cryptococcus bowa m'magazi kapena CSF)

Mankhwala a fungal amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cryptococcus.

Mankhwala ndi awa:

• Amphotericin B (atha kukhala ndi zovuta zoyipa)
• Flucytosine
• Fluconazole

Kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha yapakati nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa imfa kapena kumawononga kwamuyaya.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukula ndi cryptococcosis, makamaka ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

C. neoformans var. matenda a neoformans; C. neoformans var. matenda a gatti; C. neoformans var. matenda a grubii

• Cryptococcus - cutaneous padzanja
• Cryptococcosis pamphumi
• Mafangayi

Kauffman CA, Chen SC-A. Cryptococcosis. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 317.

JR wangwiro. Kubwezeretsa (Cryptococcus neoformans ndi Cryptococcus gattii). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 262.

Robles WS, Ameen M. Cryptococcosis. Mu: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson IH, olemba. Kuchiza kwa Matenda a Khungu: Njira Zambiri Zakuchiritsira. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 49.