Poliyo

Polio ndi matenda omwe amawononga mitsempha ndipo amatha kuyambitsa ziwalo pang'ono kapena kwathunthu. Dzina lachipatala la poliyo ndi poliomyelitis.

Polio ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha polio. Vutoli limafalikira ndi:

• Kulankhulana kwa munthu ndi munthu
• Lumikizanani ndi ntchofu kapena kachilombo kochokera m'mphuno kapena mkamwa
• Lumikizanani ndi ndowe zodwala

Tizilomboti timaloŵa m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno, timachulukana pakhosi ndi m'matumbo, kenako timayamwa ndikufalikira m'magazi ndi mumatumbo. Nthawi yakutenga kachiromboka mpaka kukulitsa zizindikilo za matenda (makulitsidwe) imakhala pakati pa masiku 5 mpaka 35 (masiku 7 mpaka 14). Anthu ambiri samakhala ndi zizindikilo.

Zowopsa ndizo:

• Kupanda katemera wa poliyo
• Kuyenda kudera komwe kudwala poliyo

Chifukwa cha katemera wapadziko lonse wazaka 25 zapitazi, poliyo yathetsedwa. Matendawa adakalipobe m'maiko ena ku Africa ndi Asia, ndipo kubuka kumachitika m'magulu a anthu omwe sanalandire katemera. Kuti muwone mndandanda wamayiko awa, pitani pa webusayiti iyi: www.polioeradication.org.

Pali mitundu inayi yoyambira ya matenda a poliyo: matenda osadziwika, matenda obwereketsa, osapunduka, ndi olumala.

MATENDA OSAKHALANSO

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka polio ali ndi matenda osadziwika. Nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi zizindikilo. Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati munthu ali ndi kachilomboko ndikupanga mayeso a magazi kapena mayeso ena kuti apeze kachilomboko pakhosi kapena pakhosi.

MATENDA OCHOTSA MIMBA

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obweretsa mimba amakhala ndi zizindikilo pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena iwiri atatenga kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Malungo kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu
• Zovuta zambiri kapena zovuta (malaise)
• Mutu
• Chikhure
• Kusanza
• Kutaya njala
• Kupweteka kwa m'mimba

Zizindikirozi zimatha mpaka masiku 5 ndipo anthu amachira kwathunthu. Alibe zizindikiro za mavuto amanjenje.

POLIO YOSALEMEKEZEKA

Anthu omwe amapanga polio wamtunduwu amakhala ndi zizindikiritso za poliyo yochotsa mimbayo ndipo zizindikilo zawo ndizochulukirapo. Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Minyewa yolimba komanso yowawa kumbuyo kwa khosi, thunthu, mikono, ndi miyendo
• Mavuto am'mitsempha ndi kudzimbidwa
• Kusintha kwa kusintha kwa minofu (reflexes) matendawa akamakula

POLIYI YAKHALIDWE

Mtundu uwu wa poliyo umayamba mwa anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka poliyo. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo za polio yochotsa mimba komanso yopanda ziwalo. Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Minofu kufooka, ziwalo, kutayika kwa minofu ya minofu
• Kupuma komwe ndi kofooka
• Zovuta kumeza
• Kutsetsereka
• Liwu lotsitsa
• Kudzimbidwa kwambiri komanso mavuto amkodzo

Mukayezetsa thupi, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kupeza:

• Maganizo osazolowereka
• Kuuma kumbuyo
• Zovuta kukweza mutu kapena miyendo mutagona pansi kumbuyo
• Khosi lolimba
• Vuto lopindika khosi

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Zikhalidwe zakutsuka pakhosi, mipando, kapena madzimadzi amtsempha
• Kupopera kwa msana ndikuyang'ana msana wam'mimba (CSF) pogwiritsa ntchito polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• Yesani kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies ku kachilombo ka polio

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuwongolera zizindikilo pomwe matenda amapita. Palibe chithandizo chenicheni cha matendawa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu angafunike njira zopulumutsira moyo, monga kuthandizidwa kupuma.

Zizindikiro zimathandizidwa kutengera momwe aliri ovuta. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Maantibayotiki opatsirana m'mikodzo
• Kutentha kotentha (mapiritsi otentha, matawulo ofunda) kuti muchepetse kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kupuma
• Opha ululu ochepetsa kupweteka kwa mutu, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi ma spasms (mankhwala osokoneza bongo samaperekedwa chifukwa amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha kupuma)
• Thandizo lamankhwala, kulimba kapena nsapato zowongolera, kapena opaleshoni ya mafupa kuti athandizenso kupeza mphamvu ndikugwira ntchito bwino kwa minofu

Maganizo amatengera mawonekedwe a matendawa komanso dera lomwe thupi limakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kuchira kwathunthu kumachitika ngati msana ndi ubongo sizimakhudzidwa.

Kukhudzidwa kwaubongo kapena msana ndizovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kubweretsa ziwalo kapena kufa (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zovuta za kupuma).

Kulumala kumakhala kofala kuposa imfa. Matenda omwe amapezeka mumtsempha wam'mimba kapena muubongo amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha kupuma.

Mavuto azaumoyo omwe angabwere chifukwa cha poliyo ndi awa:

• Chibayo chibayo
• Cor pulmonale (mawonekedwe a mtima kulephera omwe amapezeka kumanja kwa kayendedwe kazinthu)
• Kupanda kuyenda
• Mavuto am'mapapo
• Myocarditis (kutupa kwa mtima waminyewa)
• Lileus wodwala manjenje (kutayika kwa matumbo)
• Permanent minofu ziwalo, olumala, opunduka
• Edema ya m'mapapo (kapangidwe kachilendo ka madzi m'mapapo)
• Chodabwitsa
• Matenda a mkodzo

Matenda a polio ndi vuto lomwe limayamba mwa anthu ena, makamaka patatha zaka 30 kapena kupitilira pomwe adatenga kachilombo. Minofu yomwe inali itafooka kale imatha kufooka. Kufooka kumathanso kukulira minofu yomwe sinakhudzidwepo kale.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Wina wapafupi ndi iwe wadwala poliomyelitis ndipo sunalandire katemera.
• Mumakhala ndi zizindikiritso za poliomyelitis.
• Katemera wa poliyo mwana wanu (katemera) siwatsopano.

Katemera wa polio (katemera) amateteza poliyoomyelitis mwa anthu ambiri (katemera amapitilira 90%).

Poliomyelitis; Ziwalo za ana; Matenda a polio

• Poliomyelitis

Jorgensen S, Arnold WD. (Adasankhidwa) Matenda a minyewa yamagalimoto. Mu: Cifu DX, mkonzi. Mankhwala a Braddom Physical and Rehabilitation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 40.

Malangizo: Romero JR. Matenda opatsirana. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 171.

Simões EAF. Ma virus. Mu: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 276.