Encephalitis

Encephalitis ndi kukwiya ndi kutupa (kutupa) kwa ubongo, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda.

Encephalitis ndizosowa kwambiri. Zimachitika kawirikawiri mchaka choyamba cha moyo ndipo zimachepa ndi msinkhu. Achichepere kwambiri komanso achikulire amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu.

Encephalitis nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo. Mitundu yambiri yama virus imatha kuyambitsa.Chiwonetsero chitha kuchitika kudzera:

• Kupuma m'malovu kuchokera m'mphuno, mkamwa, kapena pakhosi kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka
• Chakudya kapena chakumwa choipa
• Udzudzu, nkhupakupa, ndi tizilombo tina toluma
• Kukhudzana ndi khungu

Ma virus osiyana siyana amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi inayake.

Encephalitis yoyambitsidwa ndi herpes simplex virus ndiye yomwe imayambitsa milandu yayikulu mibadwo yonse, kuphatikizapo ana obadwa kumene.

Katemera wanthawi zonse amachepetsa encephalitis chifukwa cha ma virus ena, kuphatikiza:

• Chikuku
• Ziphuphu
• Poliyo
• Amwewe
• Rubella
• Varicella (nkhuku)

Ma virus ena omwe amayambitsa encephalitis ndi awa:

• Adenovirus
• Coxsackievirus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Vuto lakum'mawa kwa equine encephalitis
• Echovirus
• Japanese encephalitis, yomwe imapezeka ku Asia
• Kachilombo ka West Nile

Kachilomboka kakalowa m'thupi, minofu ya ubongo imafufuma. Kutupa uku kumatha kuwononga maselo amitsempha, ndikupangitsa kutuluka magazi mu ubongo ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa encephalitis ndi monga:

• Matupi awo sagwirizana ndi katemera
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Mabakiteriya monga matenda a Lyme, syphilis, ndi chifuwa chachikulu
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga nyongolotsi, cysticercosis, ndi toxoplasmosis mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka
• Zotsatira za khansa

Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo za chimfine kapena matenda am'mimba zizindikiro za encephalitis zisanayambe.

Ngati matendawa sali ovuta kwambiri, zizindikilo zake zimafanana ndi matenda ena:

• Malungo omwe sali okwera kwambiri
• Mutu wofatsa
• Mphamvu zochepa komanso kusowa chakudya

Zizindikiro zina ndizo:

• Kusakhazikika, kusakhazikika
• Kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka
• Kusinza
• Kukwiya kapena kupsa mtima msanga
• Kuzindikira kuwala
• Khosi lolimba ndi kumbuyo (nthawi zina)
• Kusanza

Zizindikiro za ana obadwa kumene ndi makanda achichepere sizingakhale zovuta kuzizindikira:

• Kuuma kwa thupi
• Kukwiya ndi kulira pafupipafupi (izi zimatha kuwonjezeka pamene mwana wanyamulidwa)
• Kudya moperewera
• Malo ofewa pamwamba pamutu atha kutuluka kwambiri
• Kusanza

Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi:

• Kutaya chidziwitso, kusayankha bwino, kugona, kukomoka
• Minofu kufooka kapena ziwalo
• Kugwidwa
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• Kusintha mwadzidzidzi kwamaganizidwe, monga kusakhazikika, kuweruza molakwika, kukumbukira kukumbukira, kapena kusachita chidwi ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikufunsa za zizindikiro.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• MRI yaubongo
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu
• Kutulutsa kwa single-photon computed tomography (SPECT)
• Chikhalidwe cha cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), magazi, kapena mkodzo (komabe, kuyesaku sikothandiza kwenikweni)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Lumbar kuboola ndikuwunika kwa CSF
• Kuyesa komwe kumazindikira ma antibodies ku virus (kuyesa serology)
• Kuyesa komwe kumafufuza kachilombo kakang'ono ka DNA (polymerase chain reaction - PCR)

Zolinga zamankhwala ndikupereka chisamaliro chothandizira (kupumula, chakudya, madzi) kuthandiza thupi kulimbana ndi matendawa, komanso kuchepetsa zizindikilo.

Mankhwala atha kuphatikizira:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo, ngati kachilomboka kanayambitsa matendawa
• Maantibayotiki, ngati mabakiteriya ndiwo amayambitsa
• Mankhwala ochepetsera matenda kuti asatengeke
• Steroids yochepetsera kutupa kwa ubongo
• Zosintha zakukwiya kapena kupumula
• Acetaminophen wa malungo ndi mutu

Ngati ntchito yaubongo imakhudzidwa kwambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala komanso chithandizo chamalankhulidwe chitha kufunikira matendawa akatha.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana. Milandu ina ndiyofatsa komanso yachidule, ndipo munthuyo amachira. Milandu ina imakhala yayikulu, ndipo mavuto osatha kapena kufa ndi kotheka.

Gawo loyipa nthawi zambiri limatenga 1 mpaka 2 milungu. Malungo ndi zizindikiro zimatha pang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi. Anthu ena amatha miyezi ingapo kuti achire.

Kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwaubongo kumatha kupezeka mu encephalitis. Zingakhudze:

• Kumva
• Kukumbukira
• Kuteteza minofu
• Kutengeka
• Kulankhula
• Masomphenya

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati muli ndi:

• Malungo mwadzidzidzi
• Zizindikiro zina za encephalitis

Ana ndi akulu ayenera kupewa kucheza ndi aliyense amene ali ndi encephalitis.

Kulamulira udzudzu (kulumidwa ndi udzudzu kumatha kupatsira mavairasi) kungachepetse mwayi wamatenda ena omwe angayambitse encephalitis.

• Ikani mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa, DEET mukamatuluka panja (koma MUSAGwiritse ntchito mankhwala a DEET kwa makanda ochepera miyezi iwiri).
• Chotsani magwero amadzi oyimirira (monga matayala akale, zitini, ngalande, ndi mafunde oyenda).
• Valani malaya amanja ndi mathalauza mukakhala panja, makamaka madzulo.

Ana ndi akulu ayenera kulandira katemera wa ma virus omwe angayambitse encephalitis. Anthu ayenera kulandira katemera ngati akupita kumalo ngati madera a Asia, komwe ku Japan encephalitis kumapezeka.

Katemera nyama kuti muteteze encephalitis yoyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka chiwewe.

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - kutulutsa

Bloch KC, Glaser CA, Tunkel AR. Encephalitis ndi myelitis. Mu: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, olemba. Matenda Opatsirana. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 20.

[Adasankhidwa] Bronstein DE, Glaser CA. Encephalitis ndi meningoencephalitis. Mu: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, olemba. Feigin ndi Cherry's Bookbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 36.

Lissauer T, Carroll W. Kutenga ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Mu: Lissauer T, Carroll W, olemba., Eds. Buku Lofotokozera la Paediatrics. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 15.