Matenda osokoneza bongo

Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka munthu akamamwa mowa kapena chinthu china (mankhwala osokoneza bongo) kumabweretsa mavuto azaumoyo kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena kunyumba.

Matendawa amatchedwanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli sizikudziwika. Chibadwa cha munthu, zochita za mankhwala, anzawo, kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, nkhawa, kukhumudwa, komanso kupsinjika kwachilengedwe zitha kukhala zifukwa.

Ambiri omwe amakhala ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala ndi vuto la kupsinjika, kuchepa kwa chidwi, kusokonezeka kwa pambuyo pa zoopsa, kapena vuto lina lamaganizidwe. Moyo wopanikizika kapena wachisokonezo komanso kudzidalira kumakhalanso kofala.

Ana omwe amakula akuwona makolo awo akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo atha kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mtsogolo m'moyo chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso chibadwa.

Zinthu zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:

• Ma opiate ndi ma narcotic ena ndi mankhwala opha ululu omwe amatha kuyambitsa tulo, ndipo nthawi zina kumverera kopambana, chisangalalo, chisangalalo, chisangalalo, ndi chisangalalo. Izi zimaphatikizapo heroin, opium, codeine, ndi mankhwala opweteka a narcotic omwe atha kupatsidwa ndi dokotala kapena kugula mosaloledwa.
• Zolimbikitsa ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Amaphatikizapo cocaine ndi amphetamines, monga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira ADHD (methylphenidate, kapena Ritalin). Munthu atha kuyamba kufuna mankhwala ochulukirapo pakapita nthawi kuti amve chimodzimodzi.
• Matenda opanikizika amachititsa kusinza ndikuchepetsa nkhawa. Amaphatikizapo mowa, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan, Xanax), chloral hydrate, ndi paraldehyde. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumatha kubweretsa chizolowezi.
• LSD, mescaline, psilocybin ("bowa"), ndi phencyclidine (PCP, kapena "fumbi lamngelo") zitha kupangitsa munthu kuwona zinthu zomwe kulibe (kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo) ndipo zimatha kubweretsa kuzolowera zamaganizidwe.
• Chamba (cannabis, kapena hashish).

Pali magawo angapo ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe angayambitse kuledzera. Achichepere akuwoneka kuti akuyenda mwachangu magawo pang'ono kuposa akulu. Magawo ndi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito poyesera - Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza anzawo, omwe amachitikira kuti azisangalala; wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kusangalala ndi kunyoza makolo kapena anthu ena audindo.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi - Wogwiritsa ntchito amasowa sukulu kapena ntchito zochulukirapo; nkhawa za kutaya mankhwala; amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "kukonza" malingaliro osalimbikitsa; amayamba kukhala kutali ndi abwenzi komanso abale; angasinthe abwenzi awo kukhala ogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi; kumawonjeza kulolerana komanso kuthekera "kuthana" ndi mankhwala.
• Vuto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito koopsa - Wogwiritsa ntchito amataya chilichonse chomwe akufuna; sasamala za sukulu ndi ntchito; ali ndi machitidwe owonekera; kulingalira za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikofunikira kuposa zinthu zina zonse, kuphatikiza maubale; wosuta amakhala mobisa; atha kuyamba kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti athandizire chizolowezi; kugwiritsa ntchito zina, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuchuluka; mavuto azamalamulo amatha kuchuluka.
• Kuledzera - Simungayang'ane tsiku ndi tsiku popanda mankhwala; amakana vuto; thupi limakula kwambiri; kutaya "kuwongolera" pakugwiritsa ntchito; atha kudzipha; mavuto azachuma komanso azamalamulo akuipiraipira; atha kukhala ndi zibwenzi zosweka ndi abale awo kapena abwenzi.

Zizindikiro ndi machitidwe azogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo atha kuphatikizira:

• Kusokonezeka
• Kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngakhale thanzi, ntchito, kapena banja likuvulazidwa
• Magawo achiwawa
• Chidani mukakumana ndikudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kulephera kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kulephera kusiya kapena kuchepetsa kumwa mowa
• Kupanga zifukwa zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Ntchito yomwe yasowa kapena sukulu, kapena kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito
• Kufunika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku kapena pafupipafupi kuti kugwire ntchito
• Kunyalanyaza kudya
• Osasamala za mawonekedwe akuthupi
• Kusachitanso nawo zinthu zina chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Khalidwe lachinsinsi kubisa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngakhale uli wekha

Kuyesedwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (zowonetsa poyizoni) pazitsanzo zamagazi ndi mkodzo zitha kuwonetsa mankhwala ambiri ndi mankhwala m'thupi. Kuyezetsa kwake kumayenderana ndi mankhwala omwewo, mankhwalawo atatengedwa, ndi labotale yoyesera. Kuyesedwa kwamagazi kumatha kupeza mankhwala kuposa mayeso amkodzo, ngakhale zowonetsera zamkodzo zimachitika pafupipafupi.

Matenda osokoneza bongo ndi ovuta komanso osavuta kuchiza. Chisamaliro chabwino ndi chithandizo chimaphatikizapo akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino.

Chithandizo chimayamba ndikazindikira vuto. Ngakhale kukana ndichizindikiro chofala, anthu omwe ali osokoneza bongo samakana kwambiri ngati atachitiridwa chifundo ndi ulemu, m'malo mouzidwa zoyenera kuchita kapena kukumana nawo.

Katunduyu amatha kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono kapena kuyimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi. Kuthandizira zizindikiritso zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe, komanso kukhala osamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kudziletsa) ndizofunikiranso kuchipatala.

• Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo angafunike chithandizo chadzidzidzi kuchipatala. Chithandizo chenicheni chimadalira mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Detoxification (detox) ndiko kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi m'malo omwe pali chithandizo chabwino. Kuchotsa poizoni kumatha kuchitika kapena kuchipatala.
• Nthawi zina, mankhwala ena omwe amagwiranso ntchito mofananamo amatengedwa m'thupi, chifukwa mlingowu umachepa pang'onopang'ono kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosiya. Mwachitsanzo, pakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, methadone kapena mankhwala ofanana nawo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ndondomeko zakuchipatala zanyumba zimayang'anira ndikuthana ndi zomwe zingachitike pakubweza. Mapulogalamuwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira machitidwe awo ndikuphunzira momwe sayenera kuyambiranso (kubwereranso).

Ngati munthuyo ali ndi matenda ovutika maganizo kapena matenda ena amisala, ayenera kuthandizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo poyesa kudzichiritsa matenda amisala.

Magulu ambiri othandizira amapezeka mderalo. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika (NA) - www.na.org/
• Alateen - al-anon.org/for-members/group-resource/alateen/
• Al-Anon - al-anon.org/

Ambiri mwa maguluwa amatsatira pulogalamu ya 12-Step yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) www.aa.org/.

Kubwezeretsa kwa SMART www.smartrecovery.org/ ndi Life Ring Secular Recovery www.lifering.org/ ndi mapulogalamu omwe sagwiritsa ntchito njira 12. Mutha kupeza magulu ena othandizira pa intaneti.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kubweretsa kuledzera koopsa. Anthu ena amayambiranso kumwa zinthuzo (kubwerera) atasiya.

Zovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizo:

• Matenda okhumudwa
• Mwachitsanzo, khansa, khansa yapakamwa ndi m'mimba imalumikizidwa ndi kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kudalira
• Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV, kapena hepatitis B kapena C kudzera m'masingano omwe amagawana nawo
• Kutaya ntchito
• Mavuto pakukumbukira komanso kusinkhasinkha, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito hallucinogen, kuphatikiza chamba (THC)
• Mavuto ndi lamulo
• Kutha kwa ubale
• Kugonana kosatetezeka, komwe kumatha kubweretsa mimba zosafunikira, matenda opatsirana pogonana, HIV, kapena matenda a chiwindi

Itanani kuti mudzakumane ndi wokuthandizani ngati inu kapena wachibale wanu mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndipo mukufuna kusiya. Imbani foni ngati mwadulidwa chifukwa cha mankhwala anu ndipo muli pachiwopsezo chosiya. Olemba ntchito ambiri amapereka chithandizo chololeza kwa anzawo omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mapulogalamu ophunzitsira mankhwala osokoneza bongo atha kukhala othandiza. Makolo amatha kulimbikitsa ana awo powaphunzitsa za kuwononga zinthu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; Kuledzera; Chizolowezi - mankhwala; Kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; Ntchito ya Hallucinogen

• Kukhumudwa ndi amuna

Tsamba la American Psychiatric Association. Matenda okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: American Psychiatric Association. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwa Psychiatric kwa America. 2013: 481-590.

Bungwe la Breuner CC. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 140.

Kowalchuk A, Reed BC. Matenda osokoneza bongo. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 50.

National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ubongo, ndi machitidwe: sayansi yosokoneza bongo. Momwe sayansi yasinthira kumvetsetsa kwakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/preface. Idasinthidwa mu Julayi 2020. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 13, 2020.

Pezani nkhaniyi pa intaneti Weiss RD. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 31.