Mavuto azilankhulo kwa ana

Vuto lazolankhula mwa ana limatanthauza zovuta ndi izi:

• Kupereka tanthauzo kapena uthenga wawo kwa ena (vuto lachilankhulo)
• Kumvetsetsa uthenga wochokera kwa ena (vuto lachilankhulo chovomerezeka)

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la chilankhulo amatha kutulutsa mawu, ndipo amalankhula momveka bwino.

Kwa makanda ndi ana ambiri, chilankhulo chimayamba mwachibadwa kuyambira pakubadwa. Kuti mwana akule bwino chilankhulo, amatha kumva, kuwona, kumvetsetsa komanso kukumbukira. Ana ayeneranso kukhala ndi luso lakulankhula.

Mpaka mwana m'modzi mwa ana 20 aliwonse amakhala ndi zizindikilo za vuto la chilankhulo. Pomwe chifukwa chake sichikudziwika, chimatchedwa vuto lachilankhulo chachitukuko.

Mavuto okhala ndi chilankhulo chovomerezeka nthawi zambiri amayamba asanakwane zaka 4. Zovuta zina zosakanikirana zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chovulala muubongo. Izi nthawi zina zimawonetsedwa molakwika ngati zovuta zakukula.

Mavuto azilankhulo amatha kukhala ndi ana omwe ali ndi mavuto ena amakula, vuto la autism spectrum, makutu akumva, komanso kulephera kuphunzira. Vuto lachilankhulo limatha kuchititsanso kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati, lomwe limatchedwa aphasia.

Mavuto azilankhulo samayambitsidwa chifukwa chosowa luntha.

Mavuto azilankhulo ndizosiyana ndi chilankhulo chochedwa. Ndi chilankhulo chochedwa, mwanayo amayamba kulankhula ndi chilankhulo chimodzimodzi ndi ana ena, koma pambuyo pake. M'mavuto azilankhulo, mayankhulidwe ndi chilankhulo sizimakula bwino. Mwanayo atha kukhala ndi luso lolankhula, koma osati ena. Kapenanso, momwe malusowa amakulira adzakhala osiyana kuposa masiku onse.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la chilankhulo atha kukhala ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwazizindikiro zomwe zili pansipa, kapena zizindikilo zambiri. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambira wofatsa mpaka wolimba.

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lolankhula chilankhulo amavutika kumvetsetsa chilankhulo. Atha kukhala ndi:

• Kuvuta kumvetsetsa zomwe anthu ena anena
• Mavuto kutsatira malangizo omwe amawauza
• Mavuto kukonza malingaliro awo

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lolankhula chilankhulo amakhala ndi vuto kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo kufotokoza zomwe akuganiza kapena zosowa. Ana awa atha:

• Zikukuvutani kuyika mawu palimodzi m'ziganizo, kapena kuti ziganizo zawo zitha kukhala zosavuta komanso zazifupi ndipo mawu atha kutha
• Zimakuvutani kupeza mawu oyenera mukamayankhula, ndipo nthawi zambiri mugwiritsa ntchito mawu osungira monga "um"
• Khalani ndi mawu osafanana ndi ana ena amsinkhu wawo
• Siyani mawu pamasentensi mukamayankhula
• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu ena mobwerezabwereza, ndikubwereza (echo) magawo kapena mafunso onse
• Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi (zakale, zamakono, zamtsogolo) molakwika

Chifukwa cha vuto lawo lachilankhulo, ana awa atha kukhala ndi zovuta m'macheza. Nthawi zina, mavuto azilankhulo atha kukhala gawo lazomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamakhalidwe.

Mbiri yazachipatala itha kuwulula kuti mwanayo ali ndi abale ake apamtima omwe nawonso anali ndi vuto lakulankhula komanso chilankhulo.

Mwana aliyense amene akumuganizira kuti ali ndi vutoli amatha kukhala ndi mayeso oyenerera omvera komanso omasulira. Katswiri wazolankhula komanso wazilankhulo kapena neuropsychologist amayang'anira mayesowa.

Kuyesedwa kwakumva kotchedwa audiometry kuyeneranso kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse kugontha, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azilankhulo.

Kulankhula ndi chilankhulo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira matenda amtunduwu.

Uphungu, monga chithandizo chothandizira kulankhula, umalimbikitsidwanso chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa zovuta zokhudzana ndi malingaliro kapena machitidwe.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera chifukwa. Kuvulala kwaubongo kapena zovuta zina zam'mimba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zoyipa, momwe mwanayo amakhala ndi zovuta zazitali ndi chilankhulo. Zina, zifukwa zomwe zingasinthidwe zitha kuchiritsidwa bwino.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto azilankhulo zaka zakubadwa asanakwane amakhalanso ndi mavuto azilankhulo kapena zovuta kuphunzira atakula. Akhozanso kukhala ndi vuto la kuwerenga.

Kuvuta kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ndi kulumikizana pakati pa anthu komanso kuthekera kochita zinthu palokha ngati wamkulu.

Kuwerenga kumatha kukhala vuto.

Kukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, komanso mavuto ena am'maganizo kapena amachitidwe zitha kukhala zovuta pakulankhula.

Makolo omwe ali ndi nkhawa kuti mayankhulidwe kapena chilankhulo cha mwana wawo achedwa ayenera kukawona dokotala wa mwana wawo. Funsani za kutumizidwa kwa olankhula ndi olankhula chilankhulo.

Ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vutoli angafunikire kuwonedwa ndi katswiri wa zamagulu kapena katswiri wachitukuko cha ana kuti adziwe ngati vutoli lingathe kuchiritsidwa.

Itanani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati muwona zizindikiro izi kuti mwana wanu samvetsa chilankhulo:

• Pakadutsa miyezi 15, sayang'ana kapena kuloza anthu 5 kapena 10 kapena zinthu zina pomwe kholo kapena womusamalira amatchulidwa
• Pakadutsa miyezi 18, sichitsatira njira zosavuta, monga "tenga malaya ako"
• Pakatha miyezi 24, satha kuloza chithunzi kapena gawo lina la thupi pomwe limadziwika
• Pakati pa miyezi 30, sayankha mokweza kapena kugwedeza mutu kapena kupukusa mutu ndikufunsa mafunso
• Pakadutsa miyezi 36, satsatira mayendedwe awiri, ndipo samamvetsetsa zomwe achite

Komanso imbani foni ngati muwona izi kuti mwana wanu sagwiritsa ntchito bwino chilankhulo:

• Pa miyezi 15, sikugwiritsa ntchito mawu atatu
• Pa miyezi 18, sikuti, "Amayi," "Dada," kapena mayina ena
• Pa miyezi 24, sakugwiritsa ntchito mawu osachepera 25
• Pa miyezi 30, samagwiritsa ntchito mawu amawu awiri, kuphatikiza mawu omwe ali ndi dzina ndi verebu
• Pa miyezi 36, alibe mawu osachepera 200, sakufunsa zinthu ndi mayina, kubwereza ndendende mafunso omwe ena amalankhula, chilankhulo chayamba kuchepa (kapena sichikugwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zonse)
• Pa miyezi 48, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu molakwika kapena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ofanana kapena ofanana m'malo mwa mawu olondola

Kukula aphasia; Dysphasia yachitukuko; Chilankhulo chochedwa; Matenda apadera okhudzana ndi chilankhulo; SLI; Matenda olumikizirana - vuto la chilankhulo

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zovuta pakulankhula komanso kulankhula kwa ana. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/language-disorders.html. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 9, 2020. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 21, 2020.

Zithunzi MD. Kukula kwa chilankhulo ndi zovuta zolumikizirana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 52.

Wophunzitsa DA, Nass RD. Mavuto azilankhulo. Mu: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, olemba. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Mfundo ndi Zochita. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 53.