Zolemba Zachinyengo

Tetralogy of Fallot ndi mtundu wa kobadwa nako wopunduka mtima. Kubadwa kumatanthauza kuti imakhalapo pakubadwa.

Tetralogy of Fallot imapangitsa mpweya wochepa m'magazi. Izi zimabweretsa cyanosis (mtundu wabuluu-wofiirira pakhungu).

Mawonekedwe apamwamba amaphatikizapo zolakwika zinayi za mtima ndi mitsempha yake yayikulu yamagazi:

• Ventricular septal defect (dzenje pakati pamagetsi ndi kumanzere)
• Kupendekera kwamapepala otuluka m'mapapo (valavu ndi mtsempha wolumikizira mtima ndi mapapo)
• Kupititsa patsogolo aorta (mtsempha womwe umanyamula magazi olemera okosijeni mthupi) womwe umasunthira pamwamba pa ventricle yolondola ndi vuto lamitsempha yamitsempha yam'mimba, m'malo mongotuluka kuchokera kumanzere wamanzere
• Khoma lolimba la ventricle yoyenera (ventricular hypertrophy)

Tetralogy of Fallot ndiyosowa, koma ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa cyanotic wobadwa ndi matenda amtima. Zimachitika mofanana nthawi zambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi tetralogy of Fallot nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi zovuta zina zobadwa nazo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa kwamatenda ambiri samadziwika. Zinthu zambiri zimawoneka kuti zikukhudzidwa.

Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha vutoli panthawi yapakati ndi izi:

• Kuledzera mwa mayi
• Matenda a shuga
• Amayi omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40
• Zakudya zoperewera panthawi yoyembekezera
• Rubella kapena matenda ena a mavairasi panthawi yapakati

Ana omwe ali ndi tetralogy of Fallot amakhala ndi vuto la chromosome, monga Down syndrome, Alagille syndrome, ndi DiGeorge syndrome (vuto lomwe limayambitsa kupindika kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa calcium, komanso chitetezo chamthupi).

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Mtundu wabuluu pakhungu (cyanosis), womwe umaipiraipira mwana akakhumudwa
• Kuthyola zala (kukulitsa khungu kapena mafupa kuzungulira zikhadabo)
• Kudyetsa movutikira (kusadyetsa bwino)
• Kulephera kunenepa
• Kupita
• Kukula bwino
• Kukhazikika nthawi yayitali ya cyanosis

Kuyesedwa kwakuthupi ndi stethoscope nthawi zambiri kumavumbula kung'ung'udza kwamtima.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Zojambulajambula
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• MRI ya mtima (makamaka pambuyo pa opaleshoni)
• CT yamtima

Kuchita opaleshoni yokonza tetralogy ya Fallot kumachitika khanda lili laling'ono kwambiri, makamaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanakwane. Nthawi zina, pamafunika maopaleshoni angapo. Pamene opaleshoni ingapo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, opaleshoni yoyamba imachitika kuti zithandizire kuwonjezera magazi m'mapapu.

Kuchita opaleshoni kuti athetse vutoli kumatha kuchitika nthawi ina. Kawirikawiri opaleshoni imodzi yokha yokonzanso imachitika m'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira ya moyo. Kuchita opareshoni kumachitika kuti kufutukula gawo limodzi la mapapo am'mapapo komanso kutseka chotupa chamagetsi chokhala ndi chigamba.

Matenda ambiri amatha kukonza ndi opaleshoni. Ana amene achita opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amachita bwino. Oposa 90% amakhala ndi ukalamba ndikukhala moyo wokangalika, wathanzi, komanso wopindulitsa. Popanda kuchitidwa opareshoni, imfayo imachitika munthu akafika zaka 20.

Anthu omwe apitilizabe, kutuluka kwakukulu kwa valavu yamapapo kungafune kuti valavu isinthidwe.

Kutsata pafupipafupi ndi katswiri wa zamagetsi kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kukula kwakuchedwa ndikukula
• Nyimbo zosasinthasintha (arrhythmias)
• Khunyu nthawi yopanda mpweya wokwanira
• Imfa yomangidwa pamtima, ngakhale atakonzedwa opaleshoni

Itanani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati zizindikiro zatsopano zosafotokozedwa zikuchitika kapena mwanayo ali ndi vuto la cyanosis (khungu labuluu).

Ngati mwana yemwe ali ndi tetralogy of Fallot amakhala wabuluu, nthawi yomweyo ikani mwanayo pambali kapena kumbuyo kwawo ndipo ikani mawondo ake pachifuwa. Khazikitsani mwanayo ndikupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Palibe njira yodziwika yopewera vutoli.

Tet; TOF; Kobadwa nako mtima chilema - tetralogy; Cyanotic matenda amtima - tetralogy; Kubadwa kwa chilema - tetralogy

• Kuchita opaleshoni yamtima wa ana - kutulutsa

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Zolemba Zachinyengo
• Chisokonezo 'Tet spell'

Bernstein D. Cyanotic wobadwa ndi matenda amtima: kuwunika odwala kwambiri omwe ali ndi cyanosis komanso kupuma kwamatenda. Mu: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 456.

CD ya Fraser, Kane LC. Matenda amtima obadwa nawo. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: Maziko Achilengedwe a Njira Zamakono Zopangira Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Matenda obadwa nawo mumtima mwa wamkulu komanso wodwala. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 75.