Mlembi: Janice Evans
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 27 Kulayi 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 14 Novembala 2024
Anonim
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hydrocephalus
Kanema: 2-Minute Neuroscience: Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus ndimadzimadzi ochuluka mkati mwa chigaza omwe amatsogolera ku kutupa kwa ubongo.

Hydrocephalus amatanthauza "madzi paubongo."

Hydrocephalus imabwera chifukwa cha vuto ndi kutuluka kwa madzi amadzi ozungulira ubongo. Madzi amtunduwu amatchedwa cerebrospinal fluid, kapena CSF. Madzi amadzizungulira muubongo ndi msana ndipo amathandizira kutulutsa ubongo.

CSF nthawi zambiri imadutsa muubongo ndi msana ndipo imadzilowetsa m'magazi. Mulingo wa CSF muubongo ungakwere ngati:

  • Kutuluka kwa CSF kutsekedwa.
  • Madzimadzi samalowa bwino m'magazi.
  • Ubongo umapanga madzi ambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa CSF kumapanikiza ubongo. Izi zimakankhira ubongo pamwamba pa chigaza ndikuwononga minofu yaubongo.

Hydrocephalus imatha kuyamba mwana akukula m'mimba. Zimakhala zachilendo kwa ana omwe ali ndi myelomeningocele, vuto lobadwa nalo momwe msana wamtsempha samatsekera bwino.

Hydrocephalus amathanso kukhala chifukwa cha:

  • Zofooka za chibadwa
  • Matenda ena ali ndi pakati

Kwa ana aang'ono, hydrocephalus ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha:


  • Matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje (monga meningitis kapena encephalitis), makamaka makanda.
  • Kutuluka magazi muubongo nthawi yobereka kapena mukangobereka kumene (makamaka makanda asanakwane).
  • Kuvulala kusanachitike, nthawi yobereka, kapena pambuyo pobereka, kuphatikizapo kutaya magazi kwa subarachnoid.
  • Zotupa zamkati wamanjenje, kuphatikiza ubongo kapena msana.
  • Kuvulala kapena kupwetekedwa.

Hydrocephalus nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana. Mtundu wina, wotchedwa kuthamanga kwabwino wa hydrocephalus, umatha kuchitika mwa akulu ndi achikulire.

Zizindikiro za hydrocephalus zimadalira:

  • Zaka
  • Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
  • Nchiyani chikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi a CSF

Kwa makanda, hydrocephalus imapangitsa fontanelle (malo ofewa) kukula ndi mutu kukhala wokulirapo kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimaphatikizaponso:

  • Maso omwe amawoneka akuyang'ana pansi
  • Kukwiya
  • Kugwidwa
  • Osiyanasiyana sutures
  • Kugona
  • Kusanza

Zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika mwa ana okalamba zitha kuphatikiza:


  • Mwachidule, kulira mokweza, mofuula kwambiri
  • Kusintha kwa umunthu, kukumbukira, kapena kutha kulingalira kapena kuganiza
  • Kusintha mawonekedwe ndi nkhope
  • Maso owoloka kapena kuyenda kosalamulirika kwa diso
  • Kudyetsa kovuta
  • Kugona mokwanira
  • Mutu
  • Kukwiya, kudziletsa
  • Kutaya chikhodzodzo (kusagwira kwamikodzo)
  • Kutayika kwa mgwirizano ndi kuyenda movutikira
  • Kutha kwa minofu (kuphipha)
  • Kukula pang'onopang'ono (mwana 0 mpaka 5 zaka)
  • Kupita pang'onopang'ono kapena koletsedwa
  • Kusanza

Wothandizira zaumoyo amamuyesa mwanayo. Izi zitha kuwonetsa:

  • Mitsempha yotambasula kapena yotupa pamutu wa mwana.
  • Kumveka kosazolowereka pomwe wothandizira amakugwedeza pang'ono pa chigaza, kutanthauza kuti vuto ndi mafupa a chigaza.
  • Zonse kapena gawo lamutu limatha kukhala lalikulu kuposa zachilendo, nthawi zambiri mbali yakutsogolo.
  • Maso omwe amawoneka "olowa mkati."
  • Gawo loyera la diso limapezeka m'malo akuda, ndikupangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati "dzuwa lomwe likulowa."
  • Zosintha zitha kukhala zachilendo.

Miyeso yobwereza pamutu pakapita nthawi imatha kuwonetsa kuti mutu ukukula.


Mutu wa CT scan ndi imodzi mwazoyeso zabwino kwambiri zodziwira hydrocephalus. Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

  • Zolemba
  • Kujambula kwaubongo pogwiritsa ntchito ma radioisotopes
  • Cranial ultrasound (ultrasound ya ubongo)
  • Kubowola lumbar ndikuwunika kwa madzi amadzimadzi (osachitidwa kawirikawiri)
  • Chigoba x-ray

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa kapena kupewa kuwonongeka kwaubongo pokonzanso CSF.

Opaleshoni itha kuchitidwa kuti ichotse kutsekeka, ngati zingatheke.

Ngati sichoncho, chubu chosinthika chotchedwa shunt chitha kuyikidwa muubongo kuti isinthe kayendedwe ka CSF. Shunt amatumiza CSF mbali ina ya thupi, monga gawo lamimba, komwe imatha kutengeka.

Mankhwala ena atha kukhala:

  • Maantibayotiki ngati pali zizindikiro zakupatsirana. Matenda akulu angafunike kuti shunt ichotsedwe.
  • Njira yotchedwa endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), yomwe imachepetsa kukakamizidwa popanda kusintha shunt.
  • Kuchotsa kapena kuwotcha (cauterizing) ziwalo zaubongo zomwe zimatulutsa CSF.

Mwanayo amafunikira kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti awonetsetse kuti palibenso zovuta zina. Kuyesedwa kumachitika pafupipafupi kuti aone kukula kwa mwanayo, komanso kuyang'ana mavuto anzeru, amitsempha, kapena athupi.

Anamwino oyendera, ntchito zothandiza anthu, magulu othandizira, ndi mabungwe am'deralo amatha kupereka chilimbikitso ndikuthandizira posamalira mwana yemwe ali ndi hydrocephalus yemwe wavulala kwambiri ubongo.

Popanda chithandizo, anthu 6 mwa 10 aliwonse omwe ali ndi hydrocephalus amwalira. Omwe adzapulumuke azikhala ndi zolemala zosiyanasiyana pamatupi awo, kuthupi, komanso minyewa.

Maganizo amadalira choyambitsa. Hydrocephalus yomwe siimabwera chifukwa cha matenda imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino. Anthu omwe ali ndi hydrocephalus omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zotupa nthawi zambiri amachita bwino kwambiri.

Ana ambiri okhala ndi hydrocephalus omwe amakhala ndi moyo chaka chimodzi amakhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Shutnt ikhoza kutsekedwa. Zizindikiro za kutsekeka kotere zimaphatikizapo kupweteka mutu ndi kusanza. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni amatha kuthandiza shunt kutseguka osasintha.

Pakhoza kukhala mavuto ena ndi shunt, monga kinking, kupatukana kwa chubu, kapena matenda mdera la shunt.

Zovuta zina zingaphatikizepo:

  • Zovuta za opaleshoni
  • Matenda monga meningitis kapena encephalitis
  • Kuwonongeka kwanzeru
  • Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (kuchepa kwa kuyenda, kumva, kugwira ntchito)
  • Kulemala kwakuthupi

Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za matendawa. Pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi kapena itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zichitika, monga:

  • Mavuto opumira
  • Kugona kapena kugona tulo kwambiri
  • Kudyetsa zovuta
  • Malungo
  • Kulira kwakukulu
  • Palibe kugunda (kugunda kwa mtima)
  • Kugwidwa
  • Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
  • Khosi lolimba
  • Kusanza

Muyeneranso kuyitanitsa wothandizira wanu ngati:

  • Mwanayo wapezeka kuti ali ndi hydrocephalus, ndipo matendawa akukulira.
  • Simungathe kusamalira mwana kunyumba.

Tetezani mutu wa khanda kapena mwana kuvulala. Kuchiza mwachangu matenda ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi hydrocephalus kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Madzi mu ubongo

  • Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - kutulutsa
  • Chibade cha mwana wakhanda

Jamil O, Kestle JRW. Heydocephalus mwa ana: etiology ndi kasamalidwe kake. Mu: Winn HR, mkonzi. Opaleshoni ya Youmans ndi Winn Neurological. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 197.

Wachibale SL, Johnston MV. Kobadwa nako anomalies chapakati mantha dongosolo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 609.

Rosenberg GA. Edema wamaubongo ndi zovuta zamayendedwe amadzimadzi a cerebrospinal. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 88.

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