Glaucoma

Glaucoma ndi gulu la zinthu zamaso zomwe zingawononge mitsempha ya optic. Minyewa imeneyi imatumiza zithunzi zomwe mumaziwona kuubongo wanu.

Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yam'maso kumachitika chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwamaso. Izi zimatchedwa kupanikizika kwa intraocular.

Glaucoma ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa khungu ku United States. Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya glaucoma:

• Glaucoma yotseguka
• Kutseka kwa khungu khungu, kotchedwanso glaucoma yotsekedwa
• Khungu lobadwa nalo
• Glaucoma yachiwiri

Mbali yakutsogolo ya diso imadzaza ndimadzimadzi omveka otchedwa aqueous humor. Timadzimadzi timeneti timapangidwa m'dera lakumbuyo kwa khungu (iris). Amasiya diso kudzera mumayendedwe omwe iris ndi cornea zimakumana. Malowa amatchedwa mbali yakunja ya chipinda, kapena mbaliyo. Kornea ndichophimba chotseka kutsogolo kwa diso lomwe lili patsogolo pa iris, mwana wasukulu, ndi ngodya.

Chilichonse chomwe chimachedwetsa kapena kutsekereza kutuluka kwa madziwa kumadzetsa kupanikizika m'maso.

• Mu glaucoma yotseguka, kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako.
• Mu glaucoma yotseka, kuwonjezeka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu komanso mwadzidzidzi.
• Mtundu uliwonse ungathe kuwononga mitsempha ya optic.

Glaucoma yotseguka ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa glaucoma.

• Choyambitsa sichikudziwika. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa diso kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Simungamve.
• Kupsyinjika kowonjezereka kumakankhira pamitsempha yamawonedwe. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamawonedwe kumayambitsa malo akhungu m'masomphenya anu.
• Glaucoma yotseguka imakonda kuyenda m'mabanja. Chiwopsezo chanu chimakhala chachikulu ngati muli ndi kholo kapena agogo omwe ali ndi glaucoma yotseguka. Anthu ochokera ku Africa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa.

Glaucoma yotsekedwa imachitika pamene madzimadzi atsekedwa mwadzidzidzi ndipo sangathe kutuluka m'maso. Izi zimayambitsa kukwera msanga, koopsa kwa kuthamanga kwa diso.

• Kuchepetsa madontho amaso ndi mankhwala ena kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a glaucoma.
• Glaucoma yotsekedwa ndichachangu.
• Ngati mwakhala ndi glaucoma yoopsa m'diso limodzi, muli pachiwopsezo cha diso lachiwiri. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kukuthandizani diso lanu lachiwiri kuti muteteze kuukira koyamba m'diso limenelo.

Glaucoma yachiwiri zimachitika chifukwa chodziwika. Glaucoma yotseguka komanso yotseka imatha kukhala yachiwiri ikayambitsidwa ndi chinthu chodziwika. Zoyambitsa zimaphatikizapo:

• Mankhwala monga corticosteroids
• Matenda a maso, monga uveitis (kutupa pakati pa diso)
• Matenda monga matenda ashuga
• Kuvulala kwa diso

Khungu lobadwa nalo amapezeka mwa makanda.

• Nthawi zambiri imayenda m'mabanja.
• Ilipo pakubadwa.
• Zimayambitsidwa pomwe diso silikula bwino.

Tsegulani-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

• Anthu ambiri alibe zisonyezo.
• Mukazindikira za kutayika kwa masomphenya, kuwonongeka kuli kale kwambiri.
• Kutaya pang'ono kwa mbali (zotumphukira) masomphenya (amatchedwanso tunnel masomphenya).
• Glaucoma yapamwamba ingayambitse khungu.

KUTUMIKIRA KWA ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Zizindikiro zimatha kubwera ndikupita poyamba, kapena kukulira kukulira. Mutha kuzindikira:

• Mwadzidzidzi, kupweteka kwambiri m'diso limodzi
• Maso ocheperako kapena amtambo, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "otentha" masomphenya
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Ma halos ngati utawaleza mozungulira magetsi
• Diso lofiira
• Diso limamva kutupa

CHIKHALIDWE CHOKHALA

Zizindikiro zimadziwika nthawi zambiri mwana akakhala ndi miyezi ingapo.

• Mitambo yakutsogolo kwa diso
• Kukula kwa diso limodzi kapena maso onse awiri
• Diso lofiira
• Kumvetsetsa kuunika
• Akung'amba

Wachiwiri GLAUCOMA

• Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa glaucoma.
• Kutengera ndi chomwe chimayambitsa, zizindikilo zimatha kukhala ngati glaucoma yotseguka kapena khungu lotseka la glaucoma.

Njira yokhayo yodziwira matenda a glaucoma ndiyo kuyesa kwathunthu m'maso.

• Mupatsidwa mayeso kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa diso lanu. Izi zimatchedwa tonometry.
• Nthawi zambiri, mumapatsidwa madontho kuti muwonjezere (kutambasula) wophunzira wanu.
• Mwana wanu akadzakulitsidwa, dokotala wanu wamaso amayang'ana mkati mwa diso lanu ndi mitsempha yamawonedwe.

Kupanikizika kwa diso kumasiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana patsiku. Kupanikizika kwa diso kumatha kukhala kwachilendo kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi glaucoma. Chifukwa chake mufunika mayeso ena kuti mutsimikizire glaucoma. Zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mandala apadera kuti muyang'ane mbali ya diso (gonioscopy).
• Zithunzi kapena zojambula za laser zamkati mwa diso lanu (kujambula kwamitsempha yamagetsi).
• Zithunzi zowunikira za laser za mbali ya diso.
• Kuyang'ana diso lanu - Diso loyang'ana kumbuyo ndi diso losawoneka bwino.
• Kuwona momwe mwana wanu amayankhira kuwala (pupillary reflex reaction).
• Mawonekedwe a 3-D a diso lanu (kuyezetsa nyali).
• Kuyesa kumveka kwa masomphenya anu (mawonekedwe acuity).
• Kuyesa gawo lanu la masomphenya (muyeso wamagawo owoneka).

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa diso lanu. Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa khungu lomwe muli nalo.

Tsegulani-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

• Ngati muli ndi glaucoma yotseguka, mwina mupatsidwa madontho a diso.
• Mungafunike mitundu yoposa imodzi. Anthu ambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi madontho a diso.
• Madontho ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa poyerekeza ndi omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu.
• Muthanso kupatsidwa mapiritsi kuti muchepetse kupanikizika m'maso.

Ngati madontho okha sakugwira ntchito, mungafunike chithandizo china:

• Chithandizo cha Laser chimagwiritsa ntchito laser yopanda ululu kuti itsegule njira zomwe madzimadzi amatuluka.
• Ngati madontho ndi mankhwala a laser sakugwira ntchito, mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Adotolo atsegula njira yatsopano kuti madzi azitha kutuluka. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwanu.
• Posachedwapa, mapangidwe atsopano omwe apangidwa omwe angathandize kuchiza glaucoma mwa anthu omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni ya cataract.

ACUTE ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Kuwopsa kotseka kwadzidzidzi ndi vuto lazachipatala. Mutha kukhala wakhungu m'masiku ochepa ngati simunalandire chithandizo.

• Mutha kupatsidwa madontho, mapiritsi, ndi mankhwala operekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (ya IV) kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa diso lanu.
• Anthu ena amafunikanso kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwadzidzidzi, yotchedwa iridotomy. Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito laser kutsegula njira yatsopano mu iris. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika ndi opaleshoni. Njira yatsopanoyi imathandizira kuukiraku ndipo iteteza kuukira kwina.
• Pofuna kupewa kuukira kwa diso linalo, machitidwe omwewo nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pa diso linalo. Izi zitha kuchitika ngakhale sizinachitikepo.

CHIKHALIDWE CHOKHALA

• Congenital glaucoma nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni.
• Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwanayo wagona ndipo samva kuwawa.

Wachiwiri GLAUCOMA

Ngati muli ndi glaucoma yachiwiri, kuchiza vutoli kungathandize kuti matenda anu azichoka. Mankhwala ena angafunikirenso.

Glaucoma yotseguka sangachiritsidwe. Mutha kuyiyang'anira ndikuwonetsetsa potsatira malangizo a omwe akukuthandizani.

Glaucoma yotsekedwa ndi vuto lazachipatala. Mukufuna chithandizo nthawi yomweyo kuti mupulumutse masomphenya anu.

Ana omwe ali ndi glaucoma yobadwa nthawi zambiri amachita bwino opaleshoni ikamachitika msanga.

Momwe mumachitira ndi glaucoma yachiwiri zimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Ngati mukumva kupweteka kwambiri m'maso kapena kutaya mwadzidzidzi, pitani kuchipatala mwachangu. Izi zikhoza kukhala zizindikiro za khungu lotseka la khungu.

Simungalepheretse khungu lotseguka. Anthu ambiri alibe zisonyezo. Koma mutha kuthandiza kupewa kutaya masomphenya.

• Kuyezetsa kwathunthu kumathandiza kupeza glaucoma yotseguka koyambirira, pomwe kuli kosavuta kuchiza.
• Akuluakulu onse ayenera kuyezetsa maso aliwonse pofika zaka 40.
• Ngati muli pachiwopsezo cha glaucoma, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi msanga kuposa zaka 40.
• Muyenera kukhala ndi mayeso amaso pafupipafupi monga amalimbikitsira omwe akukuthandizani.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo cha glaucoma yotsekedwa, omwe akukuthandizani angakulimbikitseni chithandizo musanagwidwe kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa diso ndikuwonongeka kwamaso.

Khungu lotseguka; Matenda khungu; Matenda otseguka; Glaucoma yoyamba yotseguka; Khungu lotsekedwa khungu; Glaucoma yopapatiza; Kutsekedwa ngodya khungu; Khungu lamatenda; Khungu lachiwiri; Kobadwa nako khungu; Masomphenya kutayika - khungu

• Diso
• Kudula nyali
• Kuyesa kwamasewera owonekera
• Glaucoma
• Mitsempha yamagetsi

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Jampel HD, mankhwala a Villarreal G. Umboni mu glaucoma. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 10.34.

Madu A, Rhee DJ. Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungagwiritse ntchito mu glaucoma. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 10.23.

Moyer VA; Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US. Kuwunika kwa glaucoma: Ndondomeko Yovomerezeka ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159 (7): 484-489. PMID: 24325017 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24325017/.

Prum kukhala Jr, Lim MC, Mansberger SL, et al. Pulayimale yotseguka ya glaucoma akukayikira kuti amakonda machitidwe oyeserera. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): P112-P151. PMID: 26581560 adasankhidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26581560/.